Research on antenna model of underground magnetic induction communication and its signal transmission characteristics
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摘要: 针对磁信号传播具有显著的方向性，而目前相关研究没有充分考虑磁通信过程中天线位置、角度对传输性能影响的问题，研究了2D天线阵列模型中的双线圈阵列、四线圈阵列，以及3D线圈这3种地下磁感应通信天线模型的磁信号传播特性。首先，根据3种天线的数学模型，给出了相应的磁感应强度和收发线圈的互感表达式；其次，对磁感应强度进行仿真和特性分析，并根据磁场分布情况对接收天线的位置和角度进行了优化设置；最后，比较了3种天线模型的传输性能，给出了各发射线圈偏移量和收发线圈所在平面垂直距离对磁感应强度的影响。研究结果表明：① 2D天线阵列模型和3D线圈模型的磁感应强度具有对称性和方向性。② 随着收发线圈所在平面垂直距离的增大，2D天线阵列发射信号的传输方向由多个变为1个。③ 当发射线圈参数相同时，2D天线阵列模型的传输距离大于点对点通信模型和3D线圈模型。发射线圈个数越多，2D天线阵列模型的传输距离越远，但磁感应强度随收发线圈所在平面垂直距离的增加而快速衰减。④ 3D线圈模型在3个坐标轴方向上具有相同的磁感应强度分布。3D线圈模型的磁场分布范围最广，但磁感应强度模小于2D天线阵列模型。Abstract: In view of problem that magnetic signal propagation had significant directionality, but effect of antenna position and angle on transmission performance in magnetic communication had not been fully considered by current researches, magnetic signal transmission characteristics of three kinds of antenna models of underground magnetic induction communication were researched including double-coil array and four-coil array in 2D antenna array and 3D coil model. Firstly, expressions of corresponding magnetic induction intensity and mutual inductance between sending coil and receiving coil were given according to mathematical models of the three antennas. Secondly, magnetic induction intensity was simulated and analyzed. Position and angle of receiving antenna were optimized according to magnetic field distribution. Finally, transmission performances of the three antenna models were compared, and influences of offset of each sending coil and vertical distance between sending coil plane and receiving coil plane on magnetic induction intensity were given. The research results are as follows: ① Magnetic induction intensity of 2D antenna array model and 3D coil model has symmetry and directionality. ② Transmission direction of 2D antenna array model changes from multiple directions to one direction as the vertical distance increases. ③ When parameters of sending coils are as the same, transmission distance of 2D antenna array model is greater than that of point-to-point communication system and 3D coil model. The more the number of sending coils, the farther transmission distance of 2D antenna array model is. But magnetic induction intensity rapidly decreases as the vertical distance increases. ④ 3D coil model has the same distribution of magnetic induction intensity in three coordinate axes. Magnetic field of 3D coil model is the most widely distributed, but norm of magnetic induction intensity is less than the one of 2D antenna array model.
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