Current status and prospects of multi-source information data collection and transmission technologies and equipment for post-disaster rescue in mines

Post-disaster rescue operations in mines face multiple challenges, including complex environments, difficulties in obtaining information, and disrupted communication links; efficient and reliable multi-source information collection and transmission are key to improving rescue effectiveness. This paper systematically analyzes the characteristics of typical post-disaster mine scenarios and rescue requirements. Based on two typical scenarios—horizontal tunnel rescue and vertical borehole rescue—it reviews the current state of research on technologies and equipment for multi-source information collection and transmission. For horizontal rescue scenarios, it introduces information collection technologies and equipment across four dimensions: spatial structure, environmental parameters, vital signs, and operational equipment status; it also summarizes advancements in information transmission technologies across three levels: wired communication, wireless ad hoc networks, and integrated wired-wireless communication. For borehole rescue scenarios, the paper introduces information collection technologies and equipment in three categories: basic borehole information, deep borehole environmental conditions, and life detection; it also outlines information transmission technologies and equipment at two levels: wired transmission and ground-penetrating communication. Building on this, the paper analyzes the major issues currently facing existing technologies and equipment in terms of environmental adaptability, transmission reliability, information integration, and operational endurance. It highlights that future efforts should focus on advancing the iterative upgrading of information collection equipment, unifying data interface standards, and deepening the standardization and intelligent integration of multi-source information. Additionally, the paper advocates for the development of new energy storage batteries and low-power consumption control technologies to optimize equipment endurance. These efforts aim to provide end-to-end, intelligent, and highly reliable information technology support for rescue operations in horizontal mine tunnels and vertical boreholes following mining disasters, thereby enabling precise and efficient rescue operations.