Research progress and prospects for multi-source information collection and transmission technologies and equipment for post-disaster mine rescue

Post-disaster mine rescue faces multiple challenges, including complex environments, difficulties in obtaining information, and disrupted communication links. Efficient and reliable collection and transmission of multi-source information are essential for improving rescue effectiveness. This review systematically analyzes the characteristics of typical post-disaster mine scenarios and rescue requirements and examines the current state of research on multi-source information collection and transmission technologies and equipment for two typical scenarios: horizontal roadway rescue and vertical borehole rescue. For horizontal roadway rescue, it presents information collection technologies and equipment covering four dimensions: spatial structure, environmental parameters, life information, and operating conditions of rescue equipment. It also reviews advances in information transmission in terms of wired communication, wireless ad hoc networking, and integrated wired and wireless communication. For borehole rescue, it presents information collection technologies and equipment for basic borehole information, the environment deep within boreholes, and life detection, as well as information transmission technologies and equipment for wired transmission and through-the-earth communication. On this basis, the review analyzes the main limitations of current technologies and equipment in terms of environmental adaptability, transmission reliability, information integration, and operating endurance. It identifies priorities for future development, including iterative upgrades to information collection equipment, unified data interface standards, further standardization and intelligent fusion of multi-source information, and the development of new energy storage batteries and low-power control technologies to improve equipment endurance. These advances will provide intelligent, highly reliable information technology support throughout horizontal roadway rescue and vertical borehole rescue operations, enabling precise and efficient post-disaster mine rescue.