Abstract: In response to the challenges of non-uniform coal flow distribution and high energy consumption in scraper conveyors within fully mechanized mining faces, a spatial-temporal distribution model for coal flow has been established. This model serves as the foundation for calculating the operational resistance of the scraper chain, enabling adaptive tension force adjustments and intelligent control of chain speed. Leveraging an analysis of coal mining technology, the coal flow loading patterns have been summarized, and the finite element method is applied to create a temporal and spatial distribution model of coal flow. The modeling process unfolds as follows: an examination of the shearer's cutting process, the consolidation of three coal flow loading modes along with their respective loading conditions, and the calculation of instantaneous coal flow volumes under varying working conditions corresponding to the cutting loading process of each drum. The calculation model for instantaneous loading area under different working conditions is developed based on the analysis of the movement mechanism of the scraper chain and the shearer, considering the instantaneous coal flow volume. The finite element method is employed to partition the scraper conveyor into finite cells. Based on the actual coal flow loading process, this process unfolds in two steps: coal flow movement with the scraper chain and the superimposition of coal flow. The spatial position of the coal flow is determined based on the loading position, length, and cross-sectional area of the coal flow. By integrating the above analysis with real-time operating parameters from the three fully mechanized mining machines, a spatial-temporal distribution model for coal flow within the scraper conveyor is established. The model's rationality is verified through simulations utilizing working parameters from the MG1000/2660-WD roller shearer and SGZ1200/2000 scraper conveyor. A comparison of in situ and simulation results demonstrates that the temporal and spatial distribution model effectively predicts coal flow distribution on the scraper conveyor, providing valuable insights for calculating scraper chain load resistance, optimizing coal flow distribution, and realizing adaptive intelligent chain speed control.