Analysis of the status and framework design of intelligentcoal mine auxiliary transportation system
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摘要: 介绍了国内外露天煤矿和井工煤矿辅助运输智能化技术发展和应用现状：露天煤矿的智能辅助运输系统已经实现了矿用卡车在固定路段内的无人驾驶、自动装载、自动卸载、主动避障、智能调度等功能，工程实践也取得了不错的应用效果；井工煤矿辅助运输智能化目前还处于装备的单机智能化发展阶段，尚未形成集车辆调度、运行状态监测、交通指挥、物资管控等功能于一体的辅助运输智能化系统。重点分析了井工煤矿智能辅助运输系统存在的主要问题：井下定位系统精度低和实时性较差、调度系统功能缺乏有效融合、驾驶辅助系统模块不健全、无人驾驶技术滞后和缺乏试验条件等。基于《煤矿智能化建设指南（2021年版）》中关于智能辅助运输部分的相关要求，提出了辅助运输系统智能化建设的总体目标，根据总体目标设计了煤矿辅助运输系统智能化框架：① 物资编码和物资集装化运输，实现物资从仓储、编码、装车、运输、卸车到回收过程的全流程信息化管控。② 自动装卸和自动接驳，实现物资在轨道机车、单轨吊、无轨等不同辅助运输方式之间的自动转运和接驳。③ 精准定位和智能导航，实现人员及运输设备的精准实时定位、路线规划和实时导航。④ 车辆智能调度，实现辅助运输综合信息展示、数据传输、状态监测、调度指挥和健康管理等功能。⑤ 驾驶辅助系统，建设防疲劳驾驶预警、360°全景环视监控、预防撞、交通标志识别、下坡行车辅助制动、自适应照明等智能化子系统，提高机车运行的安全性。⑥ 辅助作业机器人替代，实现井下辅助作业场景的机器人自动化作业，减少用工数量，提高辅助作业整体自动化水平。⑦ 无人驾驶，实现机车在矿井下的无人驾驶常态化运行。该研究可为智能辅助运输系统的建设和发展提供借鉴。Abstract: This paper introduces the development and application status of intelligent auxiliary transportation technology in open-pit coal mine and underground coal mines at home and abroad. The intelligent auxiliary transportation system of open-pit coal mine has realized the functions of unmanned driving, automatic loading, automatic unloading, active obstacle avoidance and intelligent dispatching of mining trucks in fixed sections. And the system has achieved good application results in engineering practice. At present, the auxiliary transportation intelligence of underground coal mine is still in the development stage of single machine intelligence of equipment. The intelligent auxiliary transportation system integrating vehicle scheduling, operation status monitoring, traffic command, material control and other functions has not yet been formed. The main problems of intelligent auxiliary transportation system in underground coal mine are analyzed. The underground positioning system has low precision and poor real-time performance. The dispatching system function lacks effective integration. The driving assistance system module is not perfect. The unmanned driving technology lags behind and the test conditions are lacking. Based on the relevant requirements of intelligent auxiliary transportation in Coal Mine Intelligent Construction Guide (2021 edition), this paper puts forward the overall goal of the construction of intelligent auxiliary transportation. According to the overall goal, the intelligent coal mine auxiliary transportation system framework is designed. ① Coding and centralized loading transportation of materials realizes the whole process information management and control of materials from storage, coding, loading, transportation, unloading and recycling. ② Automatic loading and unloading and automatic connection realizes the automatic transfer and connection of materials among rail locomotives, monorail cranes, trackless and other different auxiliary transportation modes. ③ Accurate positioning and intelligent navigation achieves accurate real-time positioning, route planning and real-time navigation of personnel and transportation equipment. ④ Intelligent vehicle dispatching realizes the functions of auxiliary transportation comprehensive information display, data transmission, status monitoring, dispatching command and health management. ⑤ Driving assistance system builds several intelligent subsystems, such as anti fatigue driving warning, 360° panoramic look around monitoring, collision prevention, traffic sign identification, auxiliary braking for downhill driving, adaptive lighting, etc. Driving assistance system improves the safety of locomotive operation. ⑥ The auxiliary operation robot realizes the robot automatic operation of underground auxiliary operation scenes. The auxiliary operation robot reduces the number of personnel and improves the overall automation level of auxiliary operation. ⑦ Unmanned driving realizes the normal unmanned driving operation of locomotives in underground coal mine. The research can provide reference for the construction and development of intelligent auxiliary transportation system.
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图 1 辅助运输系统智能化总体架构
Figure 1. Overall architecture of intelligent auxiliary transportation system
表 1 定位技术的优缺点对比
Table 1. Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of positioning technologies
定位
技术精度/m 覆盖距离/m 成本 标签
功耗安全
风险蓝牙 5～10 ＜10 高 低 高 WiFi 5～10 ＜10 高 中 低 ZigBee ≤3 ≥400 低 较高 低 UWB 0.1~0.3 ≥400 中 低 低 
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表 2 辅助作业减人目标
Table 2. Auxiliary operation personnel reduction targets
场景 现需
人数替代后
人数预计减人数 巷道巡检作业 4 1 3 管路安装作业 3 2 1 巷道摊铺作业 7 3 4 锚杆补强作业 3 2 1 底板修复作业 3 1 2 巷道清洗作业 2 1 1 混凝土泵送作业 3 1 2 电缆收放作业 3 1 2 开槽作业 3 1 2 喷浆作业 3 2 1 合计 34 15 19
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