Current situation and prospects of air quality revolution technology in coal mines
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摘要: 我国煤矿安全高效开采技术处于世界领先水平，但以粉尘为主的毒害物质、高温、高湿、噪声等多种职业危害因素诱发的职业疾病长期困扰煤矿从业人员，目前职业病危害已超过安全事故对职工的伤害，严重制约行业未来发展。提出了井下空气质量革命理念，全面总结了井下控降尘技术（包括煤层注水减尘技术、喷雾降尘技术、通风排尘技术、化学试剂抑尘技术、井下空气质量革命控降尘体系）、燃油车辆尾气治理、井下空气质量监测预警系统的现状。为进一步推进井下空气质量革命理论与技术突破，立足于“分源−分区−分级−分策”的粉尘高效治理理念，寻求建立多源多相多场粉尘协同降尘与综合治理的理论体系；指明了采掘区域粉尘高效智能防控技术及装备、矿井粉尘环境多参量同步智能监测技术及装备等关键技术装备的发展方向；指出必须充分融合理工医管学科建立煤矿粉尘防控多主体协同体系，为井下空气质量革命由目前的起步阶段向中高级阶段发展奠定理论与技术基础，分步实现煤矿从业人员生命全周期职业健康的目标，最终做到煤矿职业病少发病或零发病，助力健康中国战略。Abstract: China's coal mine safe and efficient mining technology is at the leading level in the world. But the occupational diseases induced by dust-based toxic substances, high temperature, high humidity, noise and other occupational hazard have long plagued coal mine employees. At present, occupational disease hazards have exceeded the harm of safety accidents to employees, seriously restricting the industry's future development. The concept of underground air quality revolution is put forward. The status of underground dust control and reduction technology (including coal seam water infusion dust reduction technology, spray dust reduction technology, ventilation dust removal technology, chemical reagent dust suppression technology, underground air quality revolution dust control and reduction system), fuel vehicle emission treatment, underground air quality monitoring and early warning system is comprehensively summarized. In order to further promote the theoretical and technological breakthroughs of the underground air quality revolution, based on the concept of "source-division-grading-strategy" for efficient dust control, we seek to establish a theoretical system for collaborative dust reduction and comprehensive management of multi-source, multiphase, and multi-field dust. The development direction of key technical equipment such as efficient intelligent dust prevention and control technology and equipment in mining areas, and synchronous intelligent monitoring technology and equipment for multiple parameters of mine dust environment has been pointed out. It is pointed out that it is necessary to fully integrate the disciplines of science, engineering, medical management, and establish a multi-agent collaborative system for coal mine dust prevention and control. It will lay a theoretical and technical foundation for the development of the underground air quality revolution from the current initial stage to the intermediate and advanced stages. Step by step, it will achieve the goal of full life cycle occupational health for coal mine employees. Ultimately, it will achieve the goal of reducing or zero incidences of occupational diseases in coal mines, supporting the Healthy China Initiative.
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图 5 采煤区域粉尘高效净化设备体系
Figure 5. High efficiency dust purification equipment system in coal working area
图 6 掘进区域粉尘高效净化设备体系
Figure 6. High efficiency dust purification equipment system in heading area
图 7 矿井燃油车排放量和最优运行条件预测系统
Figure 7. Prediction system of mine fuel vehicle emission and optimal operating conditions
图 8 井下空气质量在线监测与智能预警平台
Figure 8. Underground air quality online monitoring and intelligent early warning platform
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