Current situation and development trend of mine wireless communication system
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摘要: 矿井无线通信系统具备通信覆盖范围广、连接方便、移动性好、组建容易、设置和维护简单等优点，在矿井智能化建设中具有不可替代的作用。全矿井无线通信系统目前主要有WiFi（IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ac），3G，4G，5G，WiFi6（IEEE 802.11ax）系统，其中3G系统正逐步被替代，4G和WiFi系统逐步减少，5G和WiFi6系统目前为起步阶段，并将逐步成为主流。从技术要点、主要功能、应用情况等方面分析了4G，5G，WiFi/WiFi6系统，指出各系统的优点和存在的不足：① 矿用4G无线通信系统在带宽和实时性指标方面无法达到高清智能视频和远程控制等应用场景的需求。② 5G在多系统、多天线情况下存在无线发射信号的安全问题；5G基站以隔爆兼本安型为主，质量大、体积大，使用不便且使用场合受限；5G终端生态匮乏，通信模组价格高、功耗大，不具备规模行业应用条件；实际应用案例少，应用场景有待进一步挖掘。③ WiFi6无线通信系统时延偏高、移动性和可靠性相对较低，加上手机终端不够成熟，影响了语音通话质量。基于上述分析，指出智能矿井对无线通信系统的需求为大带宽需求；低时延、高可靠需求；多接入需求；多系统多接口需求；位置信息需求。最后指出矿井无线通信系统未来发展趋势，即系统融合（无线通信和有线通信融合、无线通信内部融合、无线通信系统和其他系统融合）、通信定位一体化、设备本质安全、终端模组低功耗、协议接口规范化。Abstract: The mine wireless communication system has the advantages of wide communication coverage, convenient connection, good mobility, easy to establish, simple setup and maintenance, etc. It plays an irreplaceable role in in the construction of mine intelligence. The whole mine wireless communication system mainly include WiFi(IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ac), 3G, 4G, 5G and WiFi6(IEEE 802.11ax) system. 3G system is gradually replaced. 4G and WiFi system are gradually reduced. 5G and WiFi6 system are at the initial stage, and will gradually become the mainstream. The 4G, 5G and WiFi/WiFi6 systems are analyzed from the aspects of technical points, main functions and applications. And the advantages and disadvantages of each system are pointed out in this paper. ① The main disadvantage of the mine 4G wireless communication system is that the bandwidth and real-time indicators cannot meet the needs of application scenarios such as high-definition intelligent video and remote control. ② The problems of 5G in practical use are listed as following points. In the case of multiple systems and multiple antennas, there is a security problem of wireless transmission signals. 5G base stations are mainly explosion-proof and intrinsically safe types, which are large in quality and volume. There are problems of inconvenient to use and limited in use. 5G terminal ecology is lacked. The communication modules are expensive and power consumption is high. It does not have the conditions for large-scale industrial applications. There are few practical application cases, and the application scenarios need to be further explored. ③ WiFi6 wireless communication system has high latency, relatively low mobility and reliability. The mobile phone terminal is not mature enough, which affects the quality of voice calls. Based on the above analysis, it is pointed out that the demand of intelligent mine for wireless communication system is the demand of large bandwidth, low latency, high reliability, multi-access, multi-system, multi-interface, and position information. Finally, this study points out the development trend of mine wireless communication system. The trend includes system fusion (wireless communication and wired communication fusion, wireless communication internal fusion, wireless communication system and other system fusion). It also includes communication and positioning integration, equipment intrinsic safety, terminal module low power consumption and protocol interface standardization.
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Key words:
- intelligent mine /
- wireless communication /
- 5G /
- WiFi /
- WiFi6 /
- system integration /
- communication and positioning integration
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表 1 5G与4G关键技术指标对比
Table 1. Comparison of 5G and 4G key technical indicators
无线通信 用户体验速率/
（Gbit·s−1）峰值速率/
（Gbit·s−1）流量密度/
（Tbit·s−1·km−2）连接数密度/km−2 空口时延/ms 移动性/
（km·h−1）支持服务 4G 0.01 1 0.1 105 10 350 VoLTE、高速网络数据 5G 0.1～1.0 20 10 106 1 500 eMBB/uRLLC/mMTC 
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