Damage characteristics and energy evolution of heterogeneous loaded rocks under the combined action of water jet and cutter tooth impact
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摘要:
为研究深部复杂地层高应力环境下水射流联合刀齿破碎非均质岩石的效率及机理，基于光滑粒子流体动力学−有限元方法，以含石英、长石、方解石3种组分的砂岩为研究对象建立数值计算模型，研究了单齿单独破碎均质岩石、单齿单独破碎非均质岩石、水射流联合单齿异轨迹破碎非均质岩石、水射流联合单齿同轨迹破碎非均质岩石4种破碎方式下，非均质岩石的损伤破坏特征及时效特性，分析了受载岩石的破损能量演化规律，揭示了水射流联合刀齿冲击非均质岩石的损伤破坏机理。研究结果表明：水射流联合单齿破碎非均质岩石时，低强度组分与组分界面处将形成损伤脆弱区，且在应力集中作用下易导致主裂缝萌生及扩展，形成大范围重度损伤区；水射流联合单齿异轨迹和同轨迹破碎方式分别在破岩宽度和深度方面具有优势，从岩石破碎面积整体效果出发，水射流联合单齿异轨迹破碎方式较好；在水射流联合刀齿冲击作用下，非均质受载岩石破损能量变化以内能为主，其最大值出现时刻早于动能最大值出现时刻，高强度组分对其内能累积具有促进作用；非均质受载岩石的初始损伤主要由压剪应力导致，随后在压剪应力为主、拉应力为辅及应力集中效应的综合作用下发生瞬时断裂破坏。
Abstract:To investigate the efficiency and mechanism of breaking heterogeneous rocks using a combined water jet and cutter tooth under high-stress conditions in deep complex formations, a numerical model was established based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics-finite element method, taking sandstone composed of quartz, feldspar, and calcite as the research object. Four rock-breaking modes were studied: single-tooth breaking of homogeneous rock, single-tooth breaking of heterogeneous rock, water jet combined with single-tooth breaking of heterogeneous rock along different trajectories, and along identical trajectories. The damage and time-dependent characteristics of heterogeneous rocks were analyzed, and the evolution pattern of damage energy in loaded rock was examined to reveal the damage mechanism of heterogeneous rocks under the combined impact of water jet and cutter tooth. The results showed that when heterogeneous rocks were broken by the combined action of water jet and single cutter, damage-prone zones formed in low-strength components and at component interfaces, which tended to induce the initiation and propagation of main cracks under stress concentration, resulting in large-scale severe damage zones. The rock-breaking modes along different and identical trajectories showed respective advantages in rock-breaking width and depth. From the perspective of overall rock-breaking area, the different trajectory mode was superior. Under the combined action of water jet and cutter tooth, the damage energy variation of the heterogeneous loaded rock was mainly in the form of internal energy, whose peak occurred earlier than that of kinetic energy. High-strength components facilitated internal energy accumulation. The initial damage of heterogeneous loaded rock was mainly caused by compressive-shear stress, followed by instantaneous damage under the combined effects of dominant compressive-shear stress, auxiliary tensile stress, and stress concentration.
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图 2 水射流联合刀齿冲击岩石的数值计算模型
Figure 2. Numerical calculation model of water jet combined with single-tooth breaking rock
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图 3 试验和数值模拟中砂岩的应力−应变曲线与破坏模式对比
Figure 3. Comparisons of stress-strain curve and failure mode of sandstone between experiments and simulations
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图 4 水射流联合单齿异轨迹破碎非均质岩石的试验结果和数值模拟结果对比
Figure 4. Comparisons of experimental results and numerical simulation results for heterogeneous rock breaking by water jet combined with cutter tooth along different impact trajectory
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图 5 不同破碎方式下受载岩石不同时刻的损伤破坏云图
Figure 5. Damage and failure cloud diagrams of loaded rock under different breaking methods
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图 6 不同破碎方式下受载岩石内部应力集中现象及裂缝扩展
Figure 6. Internal stress concentration and crack propagation in loaded rock under different breaking methods
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图 7 不同破碎方式下受载岩石破碎坑深度、宽度、面积随时间的变化曲线
Figure 7. Curves of depth, width and area of broken pits of loaded rock under different breaking methods with versus time
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图 8 不同破碎方式下受载岩石动能和内能随时间变化曲线
Figure 8. Curves of kinetic energy and internal energy of loaded rock samples under different breaking methods
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图 9 单齿单独破碎非均质岩石的破坏特征
Figure 9. Damage characteristics of heterogeneous rock broken by a single tooth alone
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图 10 水射流联合单齿同轨迹破碎非均质岩石的破坏特征
Figure 10. Damage characteristics of water jet combined with single-tooth breaking of heterogeneous rock along identical trajectories
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图 11 不同破碎方式下非均质受载岩石内部各组分内能随时间变化曲线
Figure 11. Curves of internal energy of each component of heterogeneous loaded rock under different breaking methods versus time
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图 12 非均质岩石应力损伤分析单元分布
Figure 12. Element distribution for stress damage analysis in heterogeneous rock
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图 13 石英应力及损伤随冲击时间变化曲线
Figure 13. Curves of stress and damage of quartz versus impact time
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图 14 长石应力及损伤随冲击时间变化曲线
Figure 14. Curves of stress and damage of feldspar versus impact time
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图 15 方解石应力及损伤随冲击时间变化曲线
Figure 15. Curves of stress and damage of calcite versus impact time
表 1 水射流本构模型参数
Table 1 Constitutive model parameters for water jet
参数 取值 参数 取值 ρ0 / （g·cm−3） 1.05 s3 0.228 6 c/（m·s−1） 1 480 α 1.397 s1 2.56 γ0 0.49 s2 −1.986 E/J 0 
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表 2 砂岩内部各矿物组分的主要参数
Table 2 Key parameters of various mineral components inside sandstone
参数 值 石英 长石 方解石 密度/（g·cm－3） 2.65 2.50 2.35 单轴抗压强度/MPa 150 80 40 抗拉强度/MPa 15 8 5 破坏面参数A 1.8 1.7 1.6 破坏面参数N 0.65 0.70 0.75 洛德角依赖因子 0.80 0.75 0.70 相对抗拉强度 0.06 0.08 0.10 相对抗剪强度 0.15 0.20 0.25
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