Coal mine accident and emergency rescue technology and equipment
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摘要: 分析了2004—2015年全国煤矿各类事故起数、死亡人数及其占比。分析了现有煤矿事故应急救援技术和装备存在的问题：事故主要靠人工发现，应急救援响应时间长；无抗灾变应急通信与遇险（难）人员精确定位系统，无法及时了解灾情和遇险（难）人员位置；灾区环境远程侦测范围小、可靠性差，难以满足救灾侦测需求；应急预案针对性、适用性差，应急救援决策主要靠经验；人工破拆和支撑救援装备效率低；不能及时、有效控制灾后风流等。提出了煤矿事故应急救援技术和装备关键科学技术问题：① 煤矿重特大事故识别和波及范围判定方法与技术；② 基于大数据的智能应急预案和应急救援辅助决策技术；③ 矿井抗灾变应急通信技术；④ 遇险（难）人员精确定位技术；⑤ 火灾、瓦斯煤尘爆炸等灾后风流智能控制技术；⑥ 遇险人员逃生引导技术；⑦ 灾变环境侦测飞行机器人技术；⑧ 灾变环境气体遥感技术；⑨ 救援通道快速构建技术等。Abstract: The paper analyzed the number of various types of accidents, deaths and their ratios in Chinese coal mines from 2004 to 2015, and analyzed existing problems of coal mine accident emergency rescue technology and equipment. Occurrence of accidents mainly relies on manual discover, and emergency response time is long. Emergency communication and precision personnel positioning systems in underground coal mine are vulnerable to disaster, where disaster location and/or personnel position cannot be determined. Remote sensing range of disaster environment is small, the reliability is poor, and it is difficult to meet needs of disaster relief. Emergency scheme has poor pertinence and applicability. Emergency decision making is mainly depended on experience. Efficiency of manual demolition and support rescue equipment is low. Wind flow after disaster cannot be controlled real-timely and effectively, etc. It put forward emergency rescue technology of coal mine accident and key scientific and technical problems of equipment: ① determination method and technology of identification and spread range of serious accidents in coal mine; ② intelligent emergency scheme and rescue assistant decision making technology based on big data; ③ anti disaster emergency communication technology for coal mine; ④ precision personnel positioning technology in disaster (difficult); ⑤ intelligent control technology of wind flow after fire, gas and coal dust explosion disasters; ⑥ evacuation guidance technology for people in distress; ⑦ flying robot technology for monitoring disaster environment; ⑧ gas remote sensing technology in disaster environment; ⑨ rapid construction technology for rescue channel, etc.
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