Analysis of the effect of cutting depth under thick immediate roof on gob-side entry retaining stability
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摘要:
切顶卸压沿空留巷稳定性主要受切顶参数影响，而厚直接顶作用下沿空巷道合理切顶参数的确定较为复杂。以陕西陕煤黄陵矿业有限公司一号煤矿1009工作面辅运巷为工程背景，采用理论分析、数值计算及现场监测相结合的方法，在明确巷道留设工艺为“补强支护+切顶卸压+巷旁支护+巷内临时支护”的基础上，分析了厚直接顶作用下沿空留巷工艺流程及合理参数，研究了切顶深度为7.5，8.5，9.5 m条件下工作面矿压显现规律及巷道应力和位移特征，确定了沿空巷道合理切顶深度，并通过现场监测确定了成巷效果。结果表明：巷道切顶深度直接影响成巷效果，切顶角度一定时，切顶深度越接近于直接顶厚度，垮落矸石对顶板支撑力越大，岩层稳定性越强；随着切顶深度增大，工作面来压步距减小、来压强度降低，巷道应力集中峰值和顶板位移下沉量减小；确定切顶深度为8.5 m，此时留巷完成后巷道应力集中峰值和最大位移分别为13.6 MPa、235 mm。现场监测结果显示，进入正常留巷段后巷道最大下沉量为252 mm，让压锚索最大载荷为412 kN，垛式支架最大工作阻力为41.9 MPa，巷道稳定性较好，留巷效果显著。
Abstract:The stability of gob-side entry retaining with roof cutting and pressure relief is primarily influenced by roof cutting parameters. However, determining appropriate cutting parameters for gob-side entry under the effect of a thick immediate roof is relatively complex. Taking the auxiliary transport roadway of the 1009 working face at No. 1 Coal Mine of Shaanxi Shanmei Huangling Mining Industry Co., Ltd. as the engineering background, a combination of theoretical analysis, numerical calculation, and field monitoring was employed in this study. Based on the understanding that the gob-side entry retaining process includes "reinforcement support, roof cutting and pressure relief, sidewall support, and temporary support within the roadway", the study analyzed the process and appropriate parameters of gob-side entry retaining under the effect of a thick immediate roof. It examined the mining pressure manifestation patterns, as well as the roadway stress and displacement characteristics under roof cutting depths of 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5 m, determining the reasonable roof cutting depth for the gob-side entry. Field monitoring was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the entry construction outcome. The results indicated that the cutting depth directly affected the entry construction outcome. When the cutting angle was fixed, the closer the cutting depth was to the thickness of the immediate roof, the greater the support force from the caving gangue to the roof, resulting in stronger stability of the rock strata. As the cutting depth increased, the step distance of the mining pressure decreased, the pressure intensity reduced, and the peak value of the stress concentration and roof subsidence displacement in the roadway reduced. The optimal cutting depth was determined to be 8.5 m, at which point the peak stress concentration and maximum displacement of the roadway after completion were 13.6 MPa and 235 mm, respectively. Field monitoring results showed that after entering the stable gob-side entry retaining section, the maximum subsidence of the roadway was 252 mm, the maximum load of the pressure-relief anchor cable was 412 kN, and the maximum working resistance of the stacking support was 41.9 MPa. The roadway stability was excellent, and the gob-side entry retaining effect was significant.
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图 6 不同切顶深度工作面矿压监测结果
Figure 6. Mining pressure monitoring results for working face at different roof cutting depths
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图 8 沿空巷道不同切顶深度下应力和位移特征
Figure 8. Stress and displacement characteristics of gob-side entry at different roof cutting depths
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图 9 留巷完成后应力和位移特征
Figure 9. Stress and displacement characteristics after completion of gob-side entry retaining
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图 13 垛式支架工作阻力变化曲线
Figure 13. Variation curves of working resistance of stacking support
表 1 煤岩及支护体物理力学参数
Table 1 Physical and mechanical parameters of coal rock and support body
名称 密度/
（kg·m−3）体积模量/
GPa剪切模量/
GPa抗拉强度/
MPa黏聚力/
MPa内摩擦角/
（°）上覆岩层 2 550 4.15 3.80 0.71 1.30 33.0 基本顶 2 470 4.20 3.30 0.66 1.17 34.0 直接顶 2 160 3.30 2.56 0.57 0.86 34.0 预制切缝 2 160 3.30 2.56 0.57 0.86 34.0 煤层 1 350 2.40 1.20 0.33 0.78 28.0 直接底 2 530 3.40 2.70 0.65 0.93 37.0 基本底 2 420 4.10 2.90 0.68 1.05 37.5 下伏岩层 2 710 4.60 3.50 0.72 1.20 38.0 巷旁
支护体2 700 5.20 4.30 0.65 1.43 32.0 临时
支护体2 460 6.40 4.80 0.52 1.63 40.0 
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