交叉扇形断顶爆破防治临空回采巷道冲击地压技术

潘俊锋; 刘少虹; 马文涛; 高家明; 马宏源

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.18230

交叉扇形断顶爆破防治临空回采巷道冲击地压技术

潘俊锋^{1, 2,},
刘少虹³,
马文涛^{1, 2},
高家明^{1, 2},
马宏源^{1, 2}

1.
中煤科工开采研究院有限公司，北京　100013
2.
煤矿灾害防控全国重点实验室，北京　100013
3.
国家能源集团国源电力（神东电力）公司，北京　100033

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2022YFC3004604）。

详细信息

作者简介:
潘俊锋（ 1979—），男，陕西旬邑人，研究员，博士，主要从事冲击地压、矿井岩层控制与安全高效开采等方面的研究工作，E-mail：panjunfeng@yeah.net

中图分类号: TD324
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-11-14
- 修回日期: 2024-12-17
- 网络出版日期: 2025-01-02
- 刊出日期: 2024-12-24

Cross fan-shaped roof-cutting blasting technology for preventing rockbursts in gob-side mining roadways

PAN Junfeng^{1, 2,},
LIU Shaohong³,
MA Wentao^{1, 2},
GAO Jiaming^{1, 2},
MA Hongyuan^{1, 2}

1.
CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China
2.
National Key Laboratory for Coal Mine Disaster Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, China
3.
State Energy Group Guoyuan Electric Power (Shendong Electric Power) Company, Beijing 100033, China

摘要

摘要:
针对冲击地压临空回采巷道超前支护区域频繁发生冲击地压问题，以某严重冲击地压矿井为例，在深入分析41次冲击地压发生规律基础上，建立了本面采空区与侧向采空区上覆顶板连通作用工程力学模型，揭示了其诱发冲击机理，提出了交叉扇形断顶爆破防冲技术。研究结果表明：临空巷道侧向支承压力、侧向采空区支承压力、工作面超前支承压力和巷道交叉对冲击地压具有显著影响，叠加因素越多，发生冲击地压的概率越大，本面采空区与侧向采空区上覆厚硬顶板连通叠加作用是主控因素；本面采空区与侧向采空区上覆厚硬顶板连通形成直角扇形悬顶结构，大面积悬顶为冲击启动提供静载荷，达到极限垮断时提供动载荷，是冲击地压启动的载荷来源；临空巷道内超前支承压力影响区域是冲击危险性最高的区域，在该区域内实施交叉扇形断顶爆破卸压技术，可有效缩短侧向采空区、本面采空区连通直角扇形悬顶长度，降低动载荷源强度。研究为临空巷道回采期间冲击地压频繁发生提供了防治思路与方法。
- 冲击地压 /
- 临空巷道 /
- 交叉扇形 /
- 爆破卸压 /
- 顶板预裂
Abstract:
This study investigated the frequent occurrence of rockbursts in the advanced support areas of gob-side mining roadways. Taking a mine with severe rockburst occurrences as an example, based on an in-depth analysis of the occurrence patterns of 41 rockburst events, an engineering mechanics model of the interaction between the overlying roof of bocal goaf and the lateral goaf was developed. The triggering mechanism was revealed and cross fan-shaped roof-cutting blasting technology for preventing rockburst was proposed. The results showed that lateral support pressure in the gob-side roadways, support pressure in the lateral goaf area, advanced support pressure in the working face, and roadway intersections all have a significant impact on the occurrence of rockbursts. The probability of rockbursts increased with the number of interacting factors, with the combined effect of the overlying thick and hard roof in both the local and the lateral primary goaf as the primary controlling factor. The interaction between these areas formed a right-angle fan-shaped hanging roof structure. The large hanging roof provided static load, which triggered rockbursts, and dynamic load when ultimate collapse occurred, thus acting as the load source for the occurrence of rockbursts. The area influenced by advanced support pressure in the gob-side roadway was identified as the highest-risk zone for rockbursts. Implementing cross fan-shaped roof-cutting blasting technology in this zone effectively shortened the length of the right-angle fan-shaped hanging roof connecting the lateral goaf and the local goaf, thereby reducing the intensity of the dynamic load source. This study provides a novel approach and methodology for preventing and controlling the frequent occurrence of rockbursts during gob-side roadway mining.
- rockburst /
- gob-side roadways /
- cross fan-shaped /
- blasting pressure relief /
- roof pre-cracking

HTML全文

图 1 某煤矿4号煤层工作面布置

Figure 1. Working face layout in No.4 coal seam in a coal mine

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图 2 采深变化与冲击地压的对应关系

Figure 2. Relationship between mining depth variations and rockbursts

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图 3 冲击地压位置与向斜轴部的距离统计

Figure 3. Distance from rockburst location to syncline axis

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图 4 巷道交叉口对冲击地压的影响统计

Figure 4. Impact statistics of roadway intersection on rockburst

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图 5 临空巷道侧向F型悬臂结构^[19]

Figure 5. Lateral F-shaped cantilever structure of gob-side roadway^[19]

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图 6 采场后方F型悬臂结构^[19]

Figure 6. F-shaped cantilever structure behind stope^[19]

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图 7 悬空顶板导通形成大L型力源区域^[19]

Figure 7. Large L-shaped force source area caused by suspended roof connection^[19]

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图 8 临空巷道、采场“双F大L”力源结构^[19]

Figure 8. Structure of "double-F-large-L" force source in gob-side roadways and stope^[19]

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图 9 工作面倾向顶板爆破扇形孔布置

Figure 9. Layout of fan-shaped blasting holes in the inclined roof of working face

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图 10 工作面走向顶板爆破扇形孔布置

Figure 10. Layout of fan-shaped blasting hole in the directional roof of working face

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图 11 卸压前后冲击危险性指数分布

Figure 11. Distribution of impact hazard index before and after pressure relief

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表 1 41次冲击地压案例对应的地表标高及采深变化情况

Table 1 Surface elevation and mining depth variations corresponding to 41 rockburst cases

地表标高/m	冲击巷道底板标高/m	采深/m	冲击次数
860.0	372.7	487.3	1
860.0	368.4	491.6	4
860.0	368.2	491.8	1
860.0	366.4	493.6	1
860.0	365.0	495.0	2
860.0	364.8	495.2	2
880.0	371.1	508.9	1
890.0	372.2	517.8	1
890.0	371.1	518.9	1
910.0	375.0	535.0	1
940.0	378.8	561.2	1
940.0	375.0	565.0	1
960.0	378.8	581.2	1
960.0	378.4	581.6	1
980.0	378.4	601.6	1
990.0	378.8	611.2	1
990.0	378.4	611.6	4
990.0	375.0	615.0	1
1 000.0	378.4	621.6	1
1 010.0	378.4	631.6	1
1 020.0	377.2	642.8	1
1 030.0	380.4	649.6	1
1 030.0	377.2	652.8	1
1 045.0	378.4	666.6	2
1 061.0	387.9	673.1	1
1 060.0	383.1	676.9	1
1 060.0	377.2	682.8	1
1 068.0	383.1	684.9	3
1 071.0	383.1	687.9	1
1 072.0	381.5	690.5	1

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 采空区悬顶对冲击地压的影响

Table 2 Inpact of suspended roof in the gob on rockbursts

采空区悬顶的影响特征	冲击次数	发生位置
工作面超前支承压力	2	运输巷和灌浆巷（非临空）
采空区侧向支承压力	7	回风巷（临空、远离工作面）
采空区侧向支承压力+ 工作面超前支承压力	32	回风巷（临空、靠近工作面）

下载: 导出CSV

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