Overview of time synchronization technology for underground coal mine IoTs perception layer
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摘要: 时间同步是智能矿山信息精准感知的基础和前提。煤矿井下空间的诸多特性，如地形狭窄冗长、巷道表面不平整等，会造成同步误差累积效应大、信号传输可靠性差，给无线节点间时间同步技术研究带来了很大挑战。介绍了2种基础的时间同步方法：层次型时间同步和分布式时间同步方法。分析了煤矿井下物联网对时间同步方法的特殊需求，即除需考虑收敛性、同步精度等外，还需要考虑同步算法能量有效性、拓扑鲁棒性及可扩展性等指标，应具有较少的通信量、较长的同步周期、一定的拓扑鲁棒性，要能降低网络直径大引起的同步误差累积效应，并适应网络规模改变所带来的影响。分析了煤矿井下物联网感知层时间同步研究现状，得出目前的研究成果主要集中在网络结构、同步精度和同步能耗等方面。对煤矿井下物联网感知层时间同步技术的研究方向进行了展望，指出针对煤矿井下通信环境和空间环境的特殊性，设计一种对拓扑、时延具有一定鲁棒性的时间同步方法，是未来的研究重点：① 可从拓扑动态维护角度提高时间同步方法对拓扑的鲁棒性；② 可从通信拓扑虚拟构建角度提高一致性时间同步方法的收敛速度；③ 可从时间戳处理和矩阵补全角度提高时间同步方法对传输时延的鲁棒性。Abstract: Time synchronization is the basis and prerequisite for precise information perception in intelligent mines.Many characteristics of underground space in coal mines, such as narrow and long terrain and uneven surface of the roadway, can cause large cumulative effect of synchronization error and poor reliability of signal transmission, which brings great challenges to the research of time synchronization technology among wireless nodes.Two basic time synchronization methods, hierarchical time synchronization and distributed time synchronization method, are introduced in this paper.The special requirements of time synchronization methods for underground coal mine IoTs are analyzed.In addition to the convergence and synchronization precision, the energy efficiency, the topology robustness and the scalability of the synchronization algorithm need to be considered as well.The method should have less communication volume, longer synchronization period and certain topology robustness.Moreover, the method should be able to reduce the cumulative effect of synchronization error caused by large network diameter, and adapt to impact of network scale changes.The current research status of time synchronization of underground coal mine IoTs perception layer is analyzed, and it is concluded that the current research results mainly focus on network structure, synchronization precision and synchronization energy consumption.The research direction of time synchronization technology for underground coal mine IOTs perception layer is prospected, and it is pointed out that the focuses of future research is to design a time synchronization method with certain robustness to topology and time delay in the context of the particularity of underground communication environment and space environment in coal mine: ① It is suggested to improve the robustness of time synchronization method to topology from the perspective of topology dynamic maintenance.② It is advised to improve the convergence speed of consistent time synchronization method from the perspective of communication topology virtual construction.③ It is proposed to improve the robustness of time synchronization method to transmission delay from the perspective of timestamp processing and matrix completion.
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