摘要:
分析了煤矿瓦斯和煤尘爆炸特征：空气中O2浓度迅速降低，CO2和CO等有毒有害气体浓度迅速升高；环境温度迅速升高，空气压力迅速增大后回落；产生较强的红外和紫外辐射；产生高温、高压、高速的爆炸冲击波和火焰锋面；产生爆炸音和震动；产生大量烟雾和粉尘；风速迅速增大后回落，风流反向；巷道垮塌、机电设备移动和损坏；造成大量人员伤亡。提出了气体（O2，CO2，CO）浓度、温度、声音、震动、气压、风速、风向、烟雾、粉尘、红外线、紫外线、图像等多信息融合的煤矿瓦斯和煤尘爆炸感知报警与爆源判定方法：通过多参数变化，辨识瓦斯和煤尘爆炸；通过不同位置参数变化幅度、变化的先后时序关系和传感器损坏情况，判定爆源。提出了传感器防护与设置方法：传感器应采用流线形或圆弧形外壳，传感器外壳应采用耐高温、防火、隔热材料；传感器应设置在巷道顶部中央；采煤工作面和掘进工作面应设置传感器，传感器应设置在距工作面10～15 m处；每一段巷道（没有分支）中部应设置传感器。提出了电缆和光缆防护与设置方法：应采用铠装电缆和光缆，电缆和光缆应具有阻燃、耐高温、抗冲击等性能；电缆和光缆应埋入巷帮和底板的夹角处；电缆和光缆也可引入压风管，用压风管防护。
Abstract:
Characteristics of coal mine gas and coal dust explosion are analyzed: Concentration of O2 in air decreases rapidly, while concentrations of CO2, CO and other toxic and harmful gases increase rapidly; Ambient temperature rises rapidly, and air pressure increases rapidly and then falls; Stronger infrared and ultraviolet radiation are generated; High-temperature, high-pressure, high-speed explosion shock wave and flame front are generated; Explosion sound and vibration are generated; A large amount of smoke and dust are generated; Wind speed increases rapidly and then falls, and wind flow reverses; Roadway collapses, electromechanical equipment is moved and damaged; A large number of casualties are caused. A coal mine gas and coal dust explosion perception alarm and explosion source judgment method based on multi-information fusion of gas (O2, CO2, CO)concentration, temperature, sound, vibration, air pressure, wind speed, wind direction, smoke, dust, infrared, ultraviolet and image is proposed: Gas and coal dust explosion can be identified through change of multi-parameters; Explosion source can be determined according to change range, change sequence of the parameters and sensor damage at different positions. Protection and setting methods of sensor are proposed: Sensor should be equipped with a streamlined or arc-shaped shell, and the sensor shell should use high-temperature resistant, fireproof and heat-insulating material; Sensor should be installed in center of roadway top; Sensor should be installed on mining face and heading face, and the sensor should be located 10-15 m away from the working face; Sensor should be installed in the middle of each roadway(without branches).Protection and setting methods of cable and optical cable are proposed: Armored cable and optical cable should be adopted, and the cable and optical cable should have properties of flame retardant, high-temperature resistance and impact resistance; Cable and optical cable should be buried at the angle between roadway side wall and floor; Cable and optical cable can also be protected by introducing into compressed air duct.
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