The new generation of information technology empowers the digital and intelligent transformation and upgrading of coal mining equipment
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摘要: 当前，煤矿智能化建设正处于初级向中高级智能化过渡探索期，现有智能装备自主创新能力尚需加强，核心技术“卡脖子”，井下复杂赋存条件下可靠性问题突出，如何利用新一代信息技术，纵深推动煤矿装备数智化转型升级，以数字化、智能化推动煤炭安全高效绿色开采具有重要意义。回顾了我国煤炭开采技术与装备智能化发展的演进过程，分析了煤炭开采各阶段的生产特征，认为煤矿智能化彻底改变了煤炭生产方式，生产要素以智能装备、智能化系统和复合型技术人才为主，从本质上提升了煤矿安全高效生产水平，助推煤矿实现减人增安提效。其中智能煤矿装备是煤矿智能化的核心要素，面对未来煤矿装备数智化转型发展的需求，探索了新一代信息技术与煤矿装备融合发展的路径，即以装备为智能化载体，通过新一代信息技术赋予装备智能感知与分析、智能判断与推理、智能决策与控制、智能诊断与学习的类人化智能化能力，并构建了物联网、5G、大数据、云计算、人工智能技术赋能煤矿装备智能感知、智能传输、智能分析、智能计算和智能决策的系统架构。深入分析了煤矿装备数智化发展过程中存在的理论、技术和人才难题，提出了煤矿装备数智化发展的建议：夯实基础是第一要务，须构建煤矿装备智能化顶层设计理论体系，加强关键核心技术攻关，加快新型基础设施建设，夯实煤矿智能化发展根基；煤矿装备智能化技术与煤矿特殊应用场景协同耦合发展，贴近煤矿井下现场需求，形成煤矿专用场景智能化技术，探索装备数智融合创新模式；智能技术与绿色开采技术相互融合促进，打造数字化、智能化、绿色化装备，开发煤炭智能高效低碳开采新模式，促进煤炭生产节能降耗；建立健全煤矿智能化人才培养体系，培养多学科交叉复合型人才，为煤矿智能化建设增强人才储备力量。Abstract: Currently, the intelligent construction of coal mines is in a transitional exploration period from primary to intermediate and advanced intelligence. The independent innovation capability of existing intelligent equipment still needs to be strengthened. The core technologies are bottleneck problems. The reliability problem under complex underground storage conditions is prominent. It is of great significance to use the new generation of information technology to promote the digital transformation and upgrading of coal mine equipment, and to promote safe, efficient, and green coal mining through digitization and intelligence. This paper reviews the evolution process of intelligent development of coal mining technology and equipment in China. This paper analyzes the production characteristics of each stage of coal mining. It is considered that the coal mine intelligence has completely changed the coal production mode. The production factors are mainly intelligent equipment, intelligent systems, and compound technical talents. They have essentially improved the level of safe and efficient production of coal mines, and helped the coal mines to reduce personnel, increase safety and improve efficiency. Among them, intelligent coal mine equipment is the core element of coal mine intelligence. Considering the demand for the digital and intelligent transformation and development of future coal mine equipment, we have explored the path of integrating the new generation of information technology and coal mine equipment. It uses equipment as an intelligent carrier. It endows the equipment with humanized intelligent capabilities such as intelligent perception and analysis, intelligent judgment and reasoning, intelligent decision-making and control, intelligent diagnosis and learning through the new generation of information technology. The system architecture of the Internet of things, 5G, big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence technology enabling intelligent perception, intelligent transmission, intelligent analysis, intelligent computing and intelligent decision-making of coal mine equipment has been constructed. The paper analyzes the theoretical, technical, and talent challenges in the development of digital intelligence in coal mining equipment. The paper proposes suggestions for the development of digital intelligence in coal mining equipment. Consolidating the foundation is the priority. It is necessary to build a top-level design theoretical system for intelligent coal mining equipment, strengthen key core technology research, accelerate the construction of new infrastructure, and consolidate the foundation of intelligent coal mining development. The intelligent technology for coal mining equipment and special application scenarios in coal mines develop in collaboration and coupling. It is suggested to meet the on-site needs of coal mines, form the intelligent technology for coal mine specific scenarios, and explore innovative models of equipment digital intelligence integration. The intelligent technology and green mining technology integrate and develop. It is suggested to create digital, intelligent, and green equipment. It is suggested to develop new models of intelligent, efficient, and low-carbon coal mining, and promote energy conservation and consumption reduction in coal production. It is suggested to establish a sound system for cultivating intelligent talents in coal mines, cultivate interdisciplinary and composite talents, and enhance talent reserves for the construction of intelligent coal mines.
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图 1 煤炭开采技术的演进及生产特征
Figure 1. Evolution and production characteristics of coal mining technology
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图 2 中国GDP与煤炭产量随煤矿智能化发展的变化
Figure 2. Relationship between China's GDP and coal production with the development of coal mine intelligence
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图 3 2002−2022年中国煤矿安全生产形势变化
Figure 3. Changes in China's coal mine safety production situation from 2002 to 2022
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图 4 煤矿智能装备系统类人化结构对照
Figure 4. Comparison of humanized structure of intelligent equipment system in coal mine
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图 5 煤矿装备物联网智能感知系统架构
Figure 5. Architecture of IoT intelligent perception system for coal mine equipment
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图 6 基于5G的掘进装备远程集控网络架构
Figure 6. Remote centralized control network architecture for tunneling equipment based on 5G
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图 8 煤矿装备大数据“云−边−端”协同应用架构
Figure 8. The "cloud-edge-terminal" collaborative application architecture of big data for coal mine equipment
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