Abstract: As the starting point of the fully mechanized mining face, the stability of the roof throughout its entire life cycle is directly related to the safety and efficiency of coal mine production. According to the entire process from tunnel excavation to the initial collapse of the basic roof of the goaf, it is divided into five stages: first tunnel excavation, second tunnel expansion, coal mining equipment installation, direct roof collapse of the goaf, and initial collapse of the basic roof of the goaf. Based on the characteristics of each stage, the geological conditions of the roof strata and the impact of mining techniques on their stability were analyzed, and it was pointed out that support technology is one of the key measures to control roof stability. By conducting in-depth research on the structural characteristics of overlying strata at different stages, the spatiotemporal evolution and dynamic changes of the roof structure of the open-off cut were revealed. On this basis, combined with engineering practice, the principles and techniques of roof control for different stages are proposed. The research results not only provide a theoretical basis for the stability control of the roof throughout the entire life cycle of the open-off cut, but also provide practical guidance for selecting different stages of roof control methods, promoting coal mine safety production.