Abstract: To overcome the problems of traditional transient electromagnetic method (TEM) receiving systems, such as large volume, susceptibility to complex electromagnetic interference and insufficient dynamic range for weak signal acquisition, this work presents a miniaturized, low-noise TEM receiver device based on the STM32H7 series microcontroller for borehole detection (packaging dimensions: Φ60 mm × 750 mm). The device integrates an analog signal conditioning chain featuring multi-stage low-noise amplification, anti-aliasing filtering and differential driving, and effectively suppresses power supply ripple using a two-stage DC/DC and LDO power supply topology. The STM32 microcontroller drives a 24-bit high-precision ADC (ADS127L11) to achieve 50 kHz synchronous sampling, while multi-task parallel scheduling is implemented through the Free Real-Time Operating System? (FreeRTOS). The preliminary experimental results demonstrate that the dynamic range of the device can reach 138 dB with a background noise as low as 0.49 μV, enabling the effective detection of low-resistivity anomalies. The developed receiver device exhibits promising application prospects in fields such as the prediction and prevention of coal mine water hazards.