Abstract: Mine intelligence facilitates green and safe coal mining while protecting the safety of coal mine workers. Mine accidents are characterized by suddenness, complexity, and severity, and post-disaster rescue operations require timeliness, involve high risks, and demand strong coordination. Consequently, there is a pressing need in China for intelligent mine rescue robots. The Coal Mine Rescue Intelligent Robot (CMRIR) is a type of emergency rescue equipment designed to assist or replace mine rescue personnel in conducting environmental detection and search-and-rescue operations in disaster-stricken areas. Following the developmental timeline of CMRIR, this paper reviews the latest research advances from international institutions, China University of Mining and Technology, and other domestic organizations. It systematically outlines the key technologies of CMRIR: (1) lightweight and explosion-proof structural design, ensuring stable operation of CMRIR in post-disaster underground environments; (2) multi-source information fusion-based localization and mapping technology, enabling the detection of complex terrain features in post-disaster mines; (3) path planning in complex post-disaster terrains, identifying optimal rescue routes for CMRIR; (4) highly reliable and anti-interference communication technology, establishing post-disaster underground communication networks for CMRIR; and (5) intelligent disaster perception models, analyzing underground environmental information and disaster types. New directions for future CMRIR development are proposed: developing lightweight intrinsically safe explosion-proof designs and exploring novel theories for explosion-proof electrical design in CMRIR; innovating underground environment-adaptive metamorphic mechanism designs to enhance the mobility of intelligent mine rescue robots in unstructured terrains; and advancing multi-robot collaborative rescue technologies to improve the efficiency and coordination of intelligent mine rescue operations. Looking ahead, the development trend of CMRIR will focus on promoting their industrialization and deployment in rescue brigades, thereby building a robust technological defense for mine safety and driving the transformation of the mining industry toward intelligent, safe, and high-quality development.