基于多尺度特征融合网络的煤矿巷道点云降噪方法

Denoising method for coal mine roadway point clouds based on a multi-scale feature fusion network

  • 摘要: 煤矿巷道三维激光扫描原始点云存在大量噪声,现有点云降噪方法无法同步滤除多类型噪声点云,且计算开销较大,难以满足煤矿井下巷道点云实时降噪处理的要求。针对上述问题,提出了一种多尺度特征融合网络用于煤矿巷道点云降噪。通过多尺度特征提取模块完整保留点云细粒度几何细节,逐步融合全局特征以构建层次化、高鲁棒性的点云特征;采用自注意力模块计算多尺度特征融合后高维点云特征的关联分数,建立巷道点云中各点之间的依赖关系,实现自适应加权;利用上下文增强模块完成局部与全局上下文特征的增强及融合,精细化点云表征。实验结果表明:上述3种模块的引入均能提升巷道噪声点云去除性能,其中自注意力模块对维持精确率与召回率的平衡具有关键作用;多尺度特征融合网络的精确率、召回率和F1分数分别为0.936 1,0.928 7,0.932 4,在去除无效噪声点云的同时高效保留有效巷道点云,且每秒浮点运算次数、参数量、推理速度分别为1.221×109,1.191×106个,2.25 m/s,在巷道点云降噪精度与实时性之间取得了较好平衡。

     

    Abstract: Raw point clouds acquired by three-dimensional laser scanning in coal mine roadways contain a large amount of noise. Existing point cloud denoising methods cannot simultaneously remove multiple types of noisy points and incur high computational overhead, making it difficult to meet the requirements for real-time denoising of underground roadway point clouds. To address these problems, a multi-scale feature fusion network was proposed for coal mine roadway point cloud denoising. A multi-scale feature extraction module was used to fully preserve the fine-grained geometric details of point clouds and progressively fuse global features to construct hierarchical and robust point cloud features. A self-attention module was used to calculate the association scores of high-dimensional point cloud features after multi-scale feature fusion, establish dependencies among points in roadway point clouds, and implement adaptive weighting. A context enhancement module was used to enhance and fuse local and global contextual features and refine point cloud representations. Experimental results showed that the introduction of each of the three modules improved the denoising performance for roadway point clouds, with the self-attention module playing a key role in maintaining the balance between precision and recall. The multi-scale feature fusion network achieved a precision of 0.936 1, a recall of 0.928 7, and an F1 score of 0.932 4, efficiently retaining valid roadway point clouds while removing invalid noisy point clouds. Its number of floating-point operations per second, parameter count, and inference speed were 1.221×109, 1.191×106 parameters, and 2.25 m/s, respectively. The network achieves a good balance between roadway point cloud denoising accuracy and real-time performance.

     

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