数智驱动下露天矿边坡灾害监测预警:研究进展与发展趋势

Monitoring and early warning of open-pit mine slope hazards driven by digital intelligence: research progress and development trends

  • 摘要: 为克服传统露天矿边坡监测预警存在的监测技术单一、多源数据融合欠佳及难以有效预警等问题,从边坡智能感知与监测、边坡三维精细化建模与可视化、边坡稳定性评价与风险预警3个方面概述了露天矿边坡灾害监测预警研究进展。系统总结了全球导航卫星系统、无人机倾斜摄影协同激光雷达、“天−空−地”多尺度立体协同等监测方法;梳理了边坡三维可视化与复杂地质体建模、数字孪生驱动的边坡全要素三维可视化等前沿技术;分析整理了机器学习驱动的边坡智能分析、多模型集成的边坡高效评价、多源监测数据融合的边坡智能监测预警平台等关键技术。针对当前露天矿边坡监测预警存在的多源信息融合能力不足、边坡三维模型交互性与仿真能力薄弱且动态可视化差、边坡数据风险评价与预警模型普适性低、监测预警平台应急响应模块缺失等问题,指出了露天矿边坡灾害安全治理发展趋势:加快多源数据信息融合的智能感知与监测体系构建;数智赋能边坡风险评价,提升机器学习的精确性,实现边坡信息透明化实时解析与反馈;构建全域感知、协同预警和智慧应急的灾害智能监测预警平台。

     

    Abstract: To address issues in traditional open-pit mine slope monitoring and early warning, such as limited monitoring technologies, inadequate multi-source data fusion, and ineffective early warnings, this paper reviews the research progress in slope disaster monitoring and early warning from three perspectives: intelligent slope sensing and monitoring, high-precision 3D slope modeling and visualization, and slope stability assessment with risk warning. The monitoring methods, including the Global Navigation Satellite System, the integration of UAV oblique photography with LiDAR, and multi-scale sky-air-ground integrated monitoring, are systematically summarized. Cutting-edge technologies, such as 3D visualization and modeling of complex geological structures, as well as digital twin-driven full-element 3D visualization of slopes, are reviewed. Key technologies, including machine learning-driven intelligent slope analysis, multi-model integrated slope assessment, and intelligent slope monitoring and early warning platforms based on multi-source data fusion, are analyzed and organized. In response to current challenges in open-pit mine slope monitoring and early warning—such as insufficient multi-source information fusion capability, weak interactivity and simulation performance of 3D slope models with poor dynamic visualization, low generalizability of slope risk assessment and early warning models, and a lack of emergency response modules in monitoring platforms—this study outlines development trends for slope disaster safety management: accelerating the establishment of an intelligent sensing and monitoring system integrating multi-source data; enhancing slope risk assessment through digital intelligence to improve the accuracy of machine learning and enable real-time transparent analysis and feedback of slope information; and developing an intelligent disaster monitoring and early warning platform with holistic sensing, collaborative warning, and smart emergency response capabilities.

     

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