煤矿井下UWB定位数据跳变抑制研究

Suppression of UWB positioning data jumps in underground coal mines

  • 摘要: 精准位置服务是煤矿智能化的基础支撑,目前大部分煤矿安装使用了基于超宽带(UWB)的精准定位系统。井下UWB定位数据跳变是影响定位可靠性和准确性的主要因素,目前主要通过增加辅助测量手段、调整硬件或基于多次测量的连续性滤波数据抑制跳变,实际操作难度大、成本高,且当定位标签跨定位区域移动时无法判断数据跳变。以煤矿井下UWB定位系统中常用的基于飞行时间(TOF)的双边双向测距(DS−TWR)方法为研究对象,提出了TOF 4−WR通信定位法,在3次往返测距(3−WR)协议基础上增加测距检验帧Check,解决了传统TOF 3−WR方法中Response通信过程因缺乏参照而无法判断是否受到干扰的问题。在此基础上提出了融合多重干扰校验机制的UWB信号跳变识别方法,在单次定位过程中识别跳变数据。针对连续干扰及定位目标运动状态剧烈变化的极端情况,引入连续多次定位结果的异常判断机制,进一步校验定位数据的可信性。针对识别出的跳变数据,采用卡尔曼滤波最优估计值代替,实现UWB定位数据跳变抑制。在金凤煤矿的现场测试结果表明,该方法能有效识别出煤矿井下UWB定位跳变信号,采用卡尔曼滤波最优估计值能够很好地跟踪实际定位轨迹,保证了定位数据的准确性和连续性。

     

    Abstract: Precise positioning service is a fundamental support for intelligent coal mines. At present, most coal mines are equipped with Ultra-Wideband (UWB)-based precision positioning systems. Underground UWB positioning data jumps are a major factor affecting positioning reliability and accuracy. Existing solutions mainly suppress data jumps by adding auxiliary measurement methods, adjusting hardware, or applying continuous data filtering based on multiple measurements. These methods are difficult to implement, costly, and cannot identify data jumps when positioning tags move across different positioning areas. Taking the commonly used Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging (DS-TWR) method based on Time of Flight (TOF) in underground UWB positioning systems as the research object, this study proposed a ToF 4-WR communication positioning method. On the basis of the traditional 3-way ranging (3-WR) protocol, a measurement verification frame "Check" was added to address the issue that interference in the Response frame communication process of the traditional TOF 3-WR method could not be identified due to the lack of a reference. On this basis, a UWB signal jump identification method integrating multiple-interference verification mechanisms was proposed to identify data jumps in a single positioning process. For extreme cases involving continuous interference or drastic changes in the motion state of the positioning target, an anomaly detection mechanism based on multiple consecutive positioning results was introduced to further verify the reliability of positioning data. For the identified data jumps, the Kalman filter optimal estimation value was used to replace the identified data, achieving UWB positioning data jump suppression. Field tests conducted at Jinfeng Coal Mine showed that this method effectively identified underground UWB positioning jump signals, and the Kalman filter optimal estimation value accurately tracked the actual positioning trajectory, ensuring the accuracy and continuity of positioning data.

     

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