基于改进YOLOv8n的井下人员安全帽佩戴检测

王琦; 夏鲁飞; 陈天明; 韩鸿胤; 王亮

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2024040054

基于改进YOLOv8n的井下人员安全帽佩戴检测

山东科技大学机械电子工程学院，山东青岛　266590

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（51974170）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王琦（2000—），男，山东泰安人，硕士研究生，研究方向为煤矿智能化，E-mail：1365644991@qq.com

中图分类号: TD67
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-16
- 修回日期: 2024-09-22
- 网络出版日期: 2024-09-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-08-31

Detection of underground personnel safety helmet wearing based on improved YOLOv8n

College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266590, China

摘要

摘要: 针对现有井下人员安全帽佩戴检测方法未考虑遮挡、目标较小、背景干扰等因素，存在检测精度差及模型不够轻量化等问题，提出一种改进YOLOv8n模型，并将其应用于井下人员安全帽佩戴检测。在颈部网络中加入P2小目标检测层，提高模型对小目标的检测能力，更好地捕捉安全帽目标细节；在主干网络中添加卷积块注意力模块（CBAM）提取图像关键特征，减少背景信息的干扰；将CIoU损失函数替换为WIoU损失函数，提升模型对检测目标的定位能力；采用轻量化共享卷积检测头（LSCD），通过共享参数的方式降低模型复杂度，并将卷积中的归一化层替换为群组归一化（GN），在尽可能保证精度的同时实现模型轻量化。实验结果表明：与YOLOv8n模型相比，改进YOLOv8n模型在交并比阈值为0.5时的平均精度均值（mAP@50）提升了1.8%，参数量减少了23.8%，计算量下降了10.4%，模型大小减小了17.2%；改进YOLOv8n模型检测精度高于SSD，YOLOv3−tiny，YOLOv5n，YOLOv7和YOLOv8n，模型复杂度仅高于YOLOv5n，较好地平衡了模型检测精度与复杂度；在井下复杂场景下，改进YOLOv8n模型能够实现对井下人员安全帽佩戴的准确检测，改善了漏检问题。
- 井下安全帽检测 /
- 小目标检测 /
- YOLOv8n /
- CBAM /
- WIoU /
- 轻量化
Abstract: Existing methods for detecting safety helmet wearing among underground personnel fail to consider factors such as occlusion, small target size, and background interference, leading to poor detection accuracy and insufficient model lightweighting. This paper proposed an improved YOLOv8n model applied to safety helmet wearing detection in underground. A P2 small target detection layer was added to the neck network to enhance the model's ability to detect small targets and better capture details of safety helmets. A convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was integrated into the backbone network to extract key image features and reduce background interference. The CIoU loss function was replaced with the WIoU loss function to improve the model's localization capability for detection targets. A lightweight shared convolution detection head (LSCD) was used to reduce model complexity through parameter sharing, and normalization layers in convolutions were replaced with group normalization (GN) to reduce model weight while maintaining accuracy as much as possible. The experimental results showed that compared to the YOLOv8n model, the improved YOLOv8n model increased the mean average precision at an intersection over union threshold of 0.5 (mAP@50) by 1.8%, reduced parameter count by 23.8%, lowered computational load by 10.4%, and decreased model size by 17.2%. The improved YOLOv8n model outperformed SSD, YOLOv3-tiny, YOLOv5n, YOLOv7, and YOLOv8n in detection accuracy, with a complexity only slightly higher than YOLOv5n, effectively balancing detection accuracy and complexity. In complex underground scenarios, the improved YOLOv8n model were able to achieve accurate detection of safety helmet wearing among underground personnel, addressing the issue of missed detections.
- underground safety helmet detection /
- small target detection /
- YOLOv8n /
- CBAM /
- WIoU /
- lightweighting

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图 1 改进YOLOv8n模型结构

Figure 1. Improved YOLOv8n model structure

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图 2 改进YOLOv8n的检测层

Figure 2. Detection layer of improved YOLOv8n

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图 3 CBAM结构

Figure 3. Convolutional block attention module (CBAM) structure

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图 4 LSCD结构

Figure 4. Lightweight shared convolutional detection head （LSCD） structure

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图 5 加入CBAM前后热力图对比

Figure 5. Comparison of heat maps before and after adding CBAM

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图 6 YOLOv8n改进前后检测效果对比

Figure 6. Comparison of detection results before and after YOLOv8n improvement

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表 1 不同注意力机制对比实验结果

Table 1 Comparison of experimental results with different attention mechanisms

注意力机制	精确率	召回率	mAP@50/%
SE	0.912	0.873	94.0
EMA	0.902	0.874	93.8
CA	0.920	0.866	94.1
CBAM	0.910	0.881	94.3

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表 2 不同损失函数对比实验结果

Table 2 Comparison of experimental results with different loss functions

损失函数	精确率	召回率	mAP@50/%
CIoU	0.910	0.881	94.3
EIoU	0.914	0.878	94.2
SIoU	0.909	0.872	94.1
GIoU	0.909	0.884	94.2
WIoU	0.917	0.894	95.1

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表 3 消融实验结果

Table 3 Ablation experiment results

P2	CBAM	WIoU	LSCD	mAP@50/%	参数量/ 10⁶个	浮点运算数/10⁹	模型大小/MiB
×	×	×	×	93.0	3.15	8.7	6.11
√	×	×	×	93.8	3.35	17.2	6.11
×	√	×	×	93.3	3.22	8.7	6.24
×	×	√	×	93.4	3.15	8.7	6.11
√	√	√	×	95.1	3.42	17.2	6.24
√	√	√	√	94.8	2.40	7.8	5.07

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表 4 不同目标检测模型对比实验结果

Table 4 Comparison of experimental results for different object detection models

模型	mAP@50/%	参数量/10⁶个	浮点运算数/10⁹	模型大小/MiB
SSD	69.6	23.61	60.8	503.67
YOLOv3−tiny	88.9	8.67	12.9	17.40
YOLOv5n	85.6	1.77	4.2	3.78
YOLOv7	94.1	37.19	105.1	74.80
YOLOv8n	93.0	3.15	8.7	6.11
改进YOLOv8n	94.8	2.40	7.8	5.07

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