面向井下俯视场景的抗畸变双分支毫米波雷达步态识别

Distortion-resistant dual-branch millimeter-wave radar gait recognition for underground overhead-view scenarios

  • 摘要: 步态作为一种远距离、非侵入式行为生物特征,具有难以伪造、无需主动配合和适合连续监测等优势,基于毫米波雷达的步态识别为井下复杂环境下的非接触式人员识别提供了新的技术路径。毫米波雷达高位俯视安装方式在实际部署中具有更好的安全性和稳定性,但会引起俯视非线性投影,导致微多普勒时频谱图严重畸变与特征混叠,大幅降低步态识别精度。针对该问题,提出一种面向井下俯视场景的抗畸变双分支毫米波雷达步态识别网络StripGait。该网络采用全频率竖条切分策略,严格保留微多普勒分量固有的物理耦合关系,通过双分支架构解耦全局空间包络与局部微动,并结合多尺度时序融合(MSTF)模块,通过阶梯式的时序感受野,精准解耦并映射微多普勒时频谱图中不同物理跨度的动态演变规律。针对俯视条件下类内特征差异增大、类间边界模糊的问题,引入难样本联合度量优化策略,构建由加性角度间隔损失、难样本三元组损失和辅助交叉熵损失组成的复合度量约束,有效收紧由畸变加剧的类内发散并扩大类间决策裕度。在自建的45°俯视毫米波雷达步态数据集上,StripGait取得了94.5%的平均识别准确率和单帧12.35 ms的高实时推理,在精度与计算效率之间取得了较好的平衡,显著优于现有主流时空网络,为井下复杂空间的高效人员感知提供了高鲁棒性的技术路径。

     

    Abstract: As a long-range, noninvasive behavioral biometric, gait is difficult to forge, requires no active cooperation, and is suitable for continuous monitoring. Millimeter-wave radar-based gait recognition provides a new technical approach for contactless personnel identification in complex underground environments. A high-mounted overhead-view millimeter-wave radar configuration offers greater safety and stability in practical deployments but introduces nonlinear projection in the overhead view, causing severe distortion and feature aliasing in micro-Doppler time-frequency spectrograms and substantially reducing gait recognition accuracy. To address this problem, a distortion-resistant dual-branch millimeter-wave radar gait recognition network, StripGait, was proposed for underground overhead-view scenarios. The network used a full-frequency vertical-strip partitioning strategy to strictly preserve the inherent physical coupling among micro-Doppler components; decoupled the global spatial envelope from local micromotion through a dual-branch architecture; and incorporated a Multi-Scale Temporal Fusion (MSTF) module to accurately decouple and map dynamic evolution patterns over different physical spans in micro-Doppler spectrograms through stepped temporal receptive fields. To address increased intra-class variation and blurred inter-class boundaries under overhead-view conditions, a hard-sample joint metric optimization strategy was introduced, and a composite metric constraint comprising ArcFace loss and hard-sample triplet loss was constructed, effectively reducing distortion-amplified intra-class dispersion and increasing inter-class decision margins. On a self-collected 45° overhead-view millimeter-wave radar gait dataset, StripGait achieved an average recognition accuracy of 94.5% with a single-frame inference time of 12.35 ms, striking a good balance between accuracy and computational efficiency and significantly outperforming existing mainstream spatiotemporal networks. It provides a highly robust technical approach for efficient personnel sensing in complex underground spaces.

     

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