Abstract: Current research on mining 5G networks mainly focuses on system architecture and upper-layer applications, while studies on the underlying technical characteristics of mining 5G in underground environments remain limited. To further advance the development of highly adaptable and reliable mining 5G technology, this study investigated three aspects: factors influencing mining 5G coverage performance, transmission performance in key coal mine areas, and field testing. Theoretical analysis was conducted to explore the relationships between mining 5G coverage performance and factors such as the 5G operating frequency band, the cross-sectional area of working faces or roadways, and the roughness of roadway walls. The results showed that lower operating frequency bands, larger cross-sectional areas of the working faces or roadways, smaller roughness of roadway walls, and fewer obstructions all contributed to improved mining 5G coverage performance. The working conditions and environmental factors of key areas in underground coal mines, including main transport roadways, auxiliary transport roadways, fully mechanized mining faces, and excavation faces, were analyzed. It was concluded that auxiliary transport roadways, with larger cross-sectional areas, lower roughness, and relatively fewer obstructions, exhibited the optimal 5G coverage performance. To improve 5G coverage performance in these areas, the use of low-frequency signals was recommended for 5G transmission and coverage. In the working areas of four coal mines, the transmission performance of mining 5G was tested at the 900 MHz frequency band. The results showed that the maximum coverage distance exceeded 700 meters in auxiliary transport roadways and reached 450 meters in main transport roadways. In the fully mechanized mining face, two base stations achieved stable coverage, and the uplink transmission rate consistently exceeded 90 Mbit/s. In the excavation working face, the uplink transmission rate reached 68.2 Mbit/s at a distance of 150 meters from the 5G base station. The test results align with the theoretical analysis, verifying that mining 5G can effectively meet the application needs of different working areas.