For the disadvantages that the traditional spontaneous fire monitoring system can’t determine actual position of fire source,the paper proposed a design scheme of spontaneous fire monitoring system of coal mine underground based on WSN.It gave whole structure of the system,introduced network topology of the system,mechanism of fire resource position and hardware and software design of the system in details.The experiment result showed that the system has characteristics of convenient control and stable work,which can forecast early spontaneous combustion precisely.