Abstract: In view of nonlinear characteristic of pressure distribution of high viscous materials like coal slurry in slurry pipeline, the paper put forward a kind of modeling method based on BP neural network optimized by quantum genetic algorithm after analysis of relationship of pipeline pressure and main influence factors based on experimental data. The method optimizes weights and thresholds of BP neural network by quantum genetic algorithm, and uses the optimized BP neural network to approximate nonlinear characteristics of the pipeline pressure of coal slurry, then gets mathematical model. The simulation results show that the pressure distribution model of coal slurry pipeline based on optimized BP neural network has good stability, its error is 0.063 2, which can satisfy engineering requirement, and it is better than the model based on BP neural network in optimization time and accuracy.