Abstract: In view of problems that present discriminated methods of water burst source ca't realize prediction of water burst and has long processing time and high complexity, the paper designed a water quality detection system which adopts laser induce fluorescence technology and uses FPGA as core processor. Through on-line detection of fluorescence spectrum, the system can real-timely monitor changes of chemical components of underground water and rapidly monitor movement precursor of the water burst source, so as to achieve forewarning of water burst. The test results show that the system has high detection precision and fast response speed.