Research on optimization of coal roadway support parameters and equipment technology in Tianshuibao Coal Mine
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摘要: 目前巷道快速掘进技术研究主要针对巷道快速掘进的影响因素、设备优化等，对巷道空顶距、支护参数、施工工艺联合优化的研究较少。针对该问题，以甘肃省环县甜水堡煤矿2号井1309工作面回风巷为研究对象，对煤巷支护参数与设备工艺优化方法进行研究。分析了巷道掘进各工序的用时特征，得出掘进、永久支护、临时支护用时最多，占比分别为25.3%，49.9%，6.2%；以耗时最长的3个工序为重点优化方向，构建了掘进工作面空顶区顶板力学模型，得出掘进工作面理论最大空顶距为2.32 m，考虑现场受设备、地质、工艺等因素影响，确定空顶距为2.0 m；根据不同支护方案下巷道围岩应力、变形、塑性区的分布特征，结合巷道高效掘进需求，确定最佳锚杆间排距为800 mm×1 000 mm。结合巷道实际的地质条件，配套优化了掘进设备、临时支护工艺与施工工艺。现场试验结果表明，优化后最大日进尺由8 m提高到10 m，巷道掘进速度提高了25%；巷道围岩变形基本处于稳定状态，最大变形量为226 mm。优化方案不仅保证了巷道的安全稳定，还显著提高了巷道的掘进速度。Abstract: Currently, research on rapid excavation technology mainly focuses on the influencing factors and equipment optimization of rapid excavation. There is relatively little research on the joint optimization of roadway empty roof distance, support parameters, and construction technology. In order to solve the above problem, the study focuses on the return air roadway of the 1309 working face in the No.2 of Tianshuibao Coal Mine in Huanxian County, Gansu Province. The study investigates the optimization methods of coal roadway support parameters and equipment technology. The study analyzes the time features of each process of roadway excavation. It is found that excavation, permanent support, and temporary support take the most time, accounting for 25.3%, 49.9%, and 6.2% respectively. Focusing on the three most time-consuming processes as the optimization direction, a mechanical model of the roof in the goaf area of the excavation face is constructed. The theoretical maximum empty roof distance of the excavation face is obtained to be 2.32 meters. Considering the influence of equipment, geology, technology and other factors on site, the empty roof distance is determined to be 2.0 meters. Based on the distribution features of stress, deformation, and plastic zone in the surrounding rock of the roadway under different support schemes, combined with the efficient excavation requirements of the roadway, the optimal spacing between anchor rods is determined to be 800 mm × 1000 mm. Based on the actual geological conditions of the roadway, the excavation equipment, temporary support technology, and construction technology are optimized and matched. The on-site test results show that after optimization, the maximum daily footage has been increased from 8 meters to 10 meters, and the roadway excavation speed has been increased by 25%. The deformation of the surrounding rock in the roadway is basically in a stable state, with a maximum deformation of 226 mm. The optimization plan not only ensures the safety and stability of the roadway, but also significantly improves the excavation speed of the roadway.
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图 1 1309工作面回风巷综合柱状图
Figure 1. Comprehensive bar chart of return airway in 1309 working face
图 4 掘进工作面空顶区顶板力学模型
Figure 4. Mechanical model of the roof in goaf area of excavation face
图 5 1309工作面回风巷数值计算模型
Figure 5. Numerical calculation model of return airway in 1309 working face
图 7 巷道围岩位移分布曲线
Figure 7. Distribution curves of displacement of roadway surrounding rock
图 8 巷道围岩塑性区分布特征
Figure 8. Distribution features of plastic zone in roadway surrounding rock
图 10 巷道顶板锚杆（索）支护展开图
Figure 10. Expansion diagram of roadway roof support by anchor rod and cable
图 11 EBZ−220B机载临时支护装置及其布置
Figure 11. EBZ220B airborne temporary support device and layout
图 12 巷道围岩位移测点布置
Figure 12. Layout of displacement measurement points for roadway surrounding rock
表 1 数值计算模型中煤岩体物理力学参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of coal rock in numerical calculation model
岩层 厚度/m 密度/（kg·m−3） 体积模量/GPa 剪切模量/GPa 黏聚力/MPa 内摩擦角/（°） 抗拉强度/MPa 泥岩 2.80 2 480 5.46 3.49 3.42 28.4 2.63 中粒砂岩 2.61 2 600 5.68 3.71 3.23 30.2 2.59 砂质泥岩1 4.59 2 500 9.06 8.01 6.15 31 3.35 细粒砂岩1 3.48 2 720 11.21 6.75 15.73 39 3.57 3号煤 2.88 1 350 1.21 0.72 1.16 17 1.46 砂质泥岩2 2.68 2 540 9.45 8.81 6.52 26 3.42 细粒砂岩2 2.69 2 700 15.64 10.28 7.47 34.6 5.46 砂质泥岩3 2.06 2 490 8.47 7.04 5.32 29 3.46 粗粒砂岩 3.60 2 760 22.46 9.13 11.43 32 2.38 
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表 2 模拟支护方案
Table 2. Different support simulation schemes
方案编号 顶锚杆间排距/（mm×mm） 帮锚杆间排距/（mm×mm） 1 800×800 800×800 2 800×900 800×900 3 800×1 000 800×1 000 4 900×900 900×900 5 900×1 000 900×1 000 6 1 000×1 000 1 000×1 000
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