基于融合网络的井下人员行为识别方法

张雷; 冉凌鎛; 代婉婉; 朱永红; 史新国

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2022120015

基于融合网络的井下人员行为识别方法

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2022120015

张雷^{1, 3},
冉凌鎛²,
代婉婉²,
朱永红^1, ,,
史新国⁴

1.
徐州工程学院信息工程学院(大数据学院), 江苏徐州　221018
2.
中国矿业大学物联网(感知矿山)研究中心, 江苏徐州　221008
3.
东南大学移动通信国家重点实验室, 江苏南京　210096
4.
山东能源淄博矿业集团有限公司信息中心, 山东淄博　225100

基金项目: 江苏省高等学校基础科学（自然科学）研究项目（21KJB510025）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0804401）；国家自然科学基金项目（52074273）；教育部产学合作协同育人项目（BY2021160202102356012）；徐州市科技计划项目（KC19208）；淄矿集团智慧矿山关键技术研发开放基金项目（2019LH05）。

详细信息

作者简介:
张雷（1987—），男，江苏徐州人，讲师，博士，研究方向为移动无线感知，E-mail：11905@ xzit.edu.cn

通讯作者:
朱永红（1979—），女，江苏徐州人，副教授，博士，研究方向为无线传感器网络，E-mail：zhyh@xzit.edu.cn

中图分类号: TD67
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-06
- 修回日期: 2023-03-09
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-27

Behavior recognition method for underground personnel based on fusion network

ZHANG Lei^{1, 3},
RAN Lingbo²,
DAI Wanwan²,
ZHU Yonghong^{1
, ,},
SHI Xinguo⁴

1.
School of Information Engineering (School of Big Data), Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
2.
IoT Perception Mine Research Center, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221008, China
3.
National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
4.
Information Center, Shandong Energy Zibo Mining Group Co., Ltd., Zibo 225100, China

摘要

摘要: 井下人员行为识别是保障煤矿安全生产的重要措施。针对现有井下人员行为识别研究缺少对感知机理的研究与分析且特征提取手段单一的问题，提出一种基于融合网络的井下人员行为识别方法。该方法主要包括数据预处理、特征构建和判识网络构造3个部分。数据预处理：通过信道状态信息（CSI）商模型、子载波去直流和离散小波去噪对采集的CSI数据进行处理，以降低环境噪声、设备噪声等的影响。特征构建：将处理后的数据利用格拉姆和/差角场 (GASF/GADF)转换成图像，从而保留数据的空间和时间特性。判识网络构造：根据人员动作的特点，提出一种由基于门控循环单元（GRU）的编解码网络和多尺度卷积神经网络（CNN）组成的融合网络，利用GRU保留前后数据之间的关联性，同时利用注意力机制的权重分配策略有效提取关键特征，以提高行为识别的准确率。实验结果表明：该方法对行走、摘帽子、扔东西、坐、抽烟、挥手、跑动、睡觉8种动作的平均识别准确率为97.37%，对睡觉和坐的识别准确率最高，最容易发生误判的动作是行走和跑动；使用准确率、精确率、召回率和F₁分数作为评价指标，得出融合网络的性能优于CNN和GRU，人员行为识别准确率高于HAR系统、WiWave系统和Wi−Sense系统；正常速度下行走和摘帽子2种动作的平均识别精度为95.6%，高于快速动作情况下的93.6%和慢速动作情况下的92.7%；收发设备之间的距离为2 m和2.5 m时，识别准确率较高。
- 智能矿山 /
- 行为识别 /
- 无线感知 /
- 深度学习 /
- 信道状态信息 /
- 多尺度卷积神经网络 /
- 门控循环单元
Abstract: Underground personnel behavior recognition is an important measure to ensure safe production in coal mines. The existing research on behavior recognition of underground personnel lacks research and analysis on the perception mechanism, and the feature extraction method is simple. In order to solve the above problems, a behavior recognition method for underground personnel based on fusion networks is proposed. The method mainly includes three parts: data preprocessing, feature construction, and recognition network construction. Data preprocessing: the collected channel status information (CSI) data is processed through CSI quotient models, subcarrier denoising, and discrete wavelet denoising to reduce the impact of environmental noise and equipment noise. Feature construction: the processed data is transformed into images using the Gramian angular summation/difference fields (GASF/GADF) to preserve the spatial and temporal features of the data. Recognition network construction: according to the features of personnel actions, a fusion network composed of a gate recurrent unit (GRU) based encoding and decoding network and a multiscale convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. GRU is used to preserve the correlation between pre and post data. The weight allocation strategy of the attention mechanism is used to effectively extract key features to improve the accuracy of behavior recognition. The experimental results show that the average recognition accuracy of this method for eight movements, namely walking, taking off a hat, throwing things, sitting, smoking, waving, running, and sleeping, is 97.37%. The recognition accuracy for sleeping and sitting is the highest, and the most prone to misjudgment are walking and running. Using accuracy, precision, recall, and F₁ score as evaluation indicators, it is concluded that the performance of the fusion network is superior to CNN and GRU. The accuracy of personnel behavior recognition is higher than the HAR system, WiWave system and Wi-Sense system. The average recognition accuracy of walking and taking off a hat at normal speed is 95.6%, which is higher than 93.6% for fast motion and 92.7% for slow motion. When the distance between transceiver devices is 2 m and 2.5 m, the recognition accuracy is higher.
- intelligent mine /
- behavior recognition /
- wireless perception /
- deep learning /
- channel status information /
- multi scale convolutional neural network /
- gate recurrent unit

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图 1 菲涅耳区原理

Figure 1. Fresnel zone principle

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图 2 行为识别框架

Figure 2. Behavior recognition framework

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图 3 井下人员行为识别网络

Figure 3. Underground personnel behavior recognition network

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图 4 实验巷道

Figure 4. Experimental roadway

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图 5 人员行为识别结果显示

Figure 5. Display of human behavior recognition results

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图 6 8种动作识别结果混淆矩阵

Figure 6. Confusion matrix of recognition results of 8 kinds of action

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图 7 不同网络模型识别结果对比

Figure 7. Comparison of recognition results of different network models

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图 8 不同系统识别结果对比

Figure 8. Comparison of recognition results of different systems

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图 9 动作速度对识别精度的影响

Figure 9. Influence of action speed on recognition precision

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图 10 不同距离下的识别精度

Figure 10. Recognition precision at different distances

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表 1 基于GRU的编解码网络参数

Table 1. Parameters of encoding and decoding network based on GRU

序号	网络层	输出维度
1	GRU	256×512
2	GRU	256×256
3	GRU	128×256
4	GRU	128×128
5	Transposed Convolution	128×128
6	Self−Attention	128×128
7	Transposed Convolution	128×256
8	Self−Attention	128×256
9	Transposed Convolution	128×512
10	Self−Attention	128×512
11	1D−Convolution	64×256
12	Flattern	2048×1

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表 2 多尺度CNN参数

Table 2. Parameters of multi-scale CNN

序号	网络层	核大小	核数目	输出维度
1	ECA			512×1600
1−1	Con1−1	5	256	256×800
1−2	Con1−2	7	256	256×800
1−3	Con1−3	1	256	256×800
2−1	Con2−1	7	512	512×400
2−2	Con2−2	3	512	512×400
2−3	Con2−3	5	512	512×400
3−1	Con3−1	3	256	256×400
3−2	Con3−2	5	256	256×400
3−3	Con3−3	7	256	256×400
4−1	Pooling4−1			128×512
4−2	Pooling4−2			128×512
4−3	Pooling4−3			128×512
5−1	ECA			128×512
5−2	ECA			128×512
5−3	ECA			128×512
6	Flatten			2048×1

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表 3 实验动作

Table 3. Experimental actions

动作	潜在危险行为
行走	进入危险区域
摘帽子	摘安全帽
扔东西	乱扔工具
坐	在危险区域休息
抽烟	违规抽烟
挥手	斗殴
跑动	违规下车
睡觉	在危险区域睡觉

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表 4 不同优化器和学习率下的识别准确率

Table 4. Recognition accuracy under different optimizers and learning rates

学习率	准确率/%
学习率	Ada Delta	SGD	RMS Prop	Adam
0.0001	95.54	94.75	96.33	97.01
0.001	93.43	94.37	94.64	97.37
0.01	96.45	94.88	93.41	92.15
0.05	92.97	92.64	90.72	92.89
0.1	88.25	89.76	91.45	91.99

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