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采空区遗留煤柱下方回采巷道失稳特征及控制技术研究

曹金钟 高乐 闫鹏飞 李猛 陈雷 杨华康

曹金钟,高乐,闫鹏飞,等. 采空区遗留煤柱下方回采巷道失稳特征及控制技术研究[J]. 工矿自动化,2022,48(4):44-52.  doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2021110032
引用本文: 曹金钟,高乐,闫鹏飞,等. 采空区遗留煤柱下方回采巷道失稳特征及控制技术研究[J]. 工矿自动化,2022,48(4):44-52.  doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2021110032
CAO Jinzhong, GAO Le, YAN Pengfei, et al. Research on instability characteristics and control technology of the mining roadway below the remaining coal pillars in the goaf[J]. Journal of Mine Automation,2022,48(4):44-52.  doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2021110032
Citation: CAO Jinzhong, GAO Le, YAN Pengfei, et al. Research on instability characteristics and control technology of the mining roadway below the remaining coal pillars in the goaf[J]. Journal of Mine Automation,2022,48(4):44-52.  doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2021110032

采空区遗留煤柱下方回采巷道失稳特征及控制技术研究

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.2021110032
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(52011530037)。
详细信息
    作者简介:

    曹金钟(1969-),男,山东枣庄人,高级工程师,主要从事煤矿生产技术与管理工作,E-mail:84206520@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: TD322

Research on instability characteristics and control technology of the mining roadway below the remaining coal pillars in the goaf

  • 摘要: 采空区下特厚煤层开采时,上煤层遗留煤柱和相邻工作面回采将对回采巷道的稳定性产生重要影响。目前对回采巷道变形破坏机理及控制的研究未考虑近距离留煤柱开采条件下特厚煤层临空巷道这种复杂环境。针对该问题,以塔山煤矿30503修复巷为工程背景,采用现场监测、理论分析及数值模拟等方法,分析了该巷道的变形破坏机理,提出了相应的巷道围岩支护技术。在30503修复巷顶板布置顶板离层仪,实时监测记录顶板各位置岩层位移情况。监测结果表明:由于受相邻工作面回采的影响,且距上覆遗留煤柱距离较近,30503修复巷顶板内围岩已较为破碎,在巷道掘进后,顶板变形速度快、离层量不断增加且影响范围广。针对监测结果,从遗留煤柱对巷道变形破坏的影响及基本顶断裂位置对巷道变形破坏的影响2个方面进行分析:① 巷道的不合理布置是导致修复巷破坏的重要原因,同时为避开遗留煤柱的影响,将巷道布置在距煤柱中心35 m(煤柱边缘25 m)以外的范围。② 修复巷掘进位置受遗留煤柱影响严重,巷道掘进前已处于高应力集中区域;当相邻工作面回采后,基本顶破断位置位于修复巷顶板上方,这是导致巷道顶板破碎的直接原因。针对上述分析结果,对不同宽度煤柱偏应力分布演化规律进行数值模拟分析,并提出了针对性的围岩稳定性控制技术方案:① 在保证煤柱具有足够的安全性和避免资源浪费前提下,将30503修复巷区段煤柱宽度设为8 m。② 近距离特厚煤层临空巷道掘进时,采用水力致裂措施减弱上覆遗留煤柱对煤层的影响。③ 选用锚网索+喷浆+单体支柱的支护方案对新掘巷道进行联合支护。为验证围岩稳定性控制技术的应用效果,采用十字观测法对30503工作面新修复巷掘进过程中的巷道变形量进行连续监测,结果表明:回采期间两帮变形量为90 mm,顶底板变形量为331 mm,围岩变形量得到了有效控制。

     

  • 图  1  30503工作面巷道布置

    Figure  1.  Roadway layout of 30503 working face

    图  2  修复巷顶板变形监测数据

    Figure  2.  Monitoring data of roof deformation of repaired roadway

    图  3  煤柱载荷估算模型

    Figure  3.  Coal pillar load estimation method

    图  4  煤柱下方偏应力分布规律

    Figure  4.  Distribution law of deviatoric stress under coal pillar

    图  5  沿空巷道关键块体破断位置

    Figure  5.  Break position of the key block along the gob-side roadway

    图  6  数值计算模型

    Figure  6.  Numerical calculation model

    图  7  不同宽度煤柱偏应力不变量分布

    Figure  7.  Distribution of deviatoic stress invariants of coal pillars with different widths

    图  8  上覆遗留煤柱水力致裂卸压设计

    Figure  8.  Design of hydraulic fracturing and pressure relief for overlying coal pillars

    图  9  30503修复巷支护方案

    Figure  9.  30503 repaired roadway support plan

    图  10  30503新掘巷道变形量

    Figure  10.  Deformation amount of 30503 newly excavated roadway

    表  1  数值模拟物理力学参数

    Table  1.   Physical and mechanical parameters of numerical simulation

    岩性厚度/
    m
    密度/
    (kg·m−3
    体积模量/
    GPa
    剪切模量/
    GPa
    黏聚力/
    MPa
    摩擦角/
    (°)
    抗拉强度/
    MPa
    砂质泥岩512 4005.083.502.7832.211.32
    碎屑岩152 4505.493.782.9433.151.52
    细砂岩32 4708.776.584.7736.792.98
    砂质泥岩82 4005.083.502.7832.211.32
    2号煤层31 3404.933.252.6731.221.04
    高岭质泥岩52 5007.87.632.9538.743.57
    3−5号煤层141 3404.933.252.6731.221.04
    高岭质泥岩42 5466.654.333.6335.832.38
    粉砂岩52 4707.815.624.2435.932.71
    7号煤层21 3404.933.252.6731.221.04
    砂质泥岩212 4005.083.502.7832.211.32
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-11-14
  • 修回日期:  2022-03-25
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-03-05

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