Abstract: In order to realize unmanned and high accurate detection of position and attitude of boom-type roadheader on fully mechanized excavation face, a position and attitude detection system of roadheader based on ultra wide band ranging technology was proposed, calculation methods of positioning coordinate and attitude angle of roadheader were deduced based on the system, and affection of distance and angle between base stations on positioning accuracy and affection of distance between positioning points of roadheader on attitude angle detection accuracy were analyzed by Matlab simulation. The simulation results show that positioning accuracy of the system decreases with increase of distance between base station and positioning point of roadheader; positioning accuracy of the system increases with increase of distance between base stations; under the case of angle between base stations in yoz plane is 60°, positioning accuracy of the system is higher than the one when the angle is 0° or 90° respectively; distance between base station and positioning point of roadheader has no significant affection on attitude angle detection accuracy; and attitude angle detection accuracy increases with decrease of distance between positioning points of roadheader.