Abstract: For problems that fault detection method of cable based on chaos random signals correlation method has high cost and easily leads to miscarriage of justice, a kind of Boolean-chaos time domain reflectometry for fault detection of cable was proposed. The chaotic signal generated by Boolean chaotic circuit is divided into two parts: one serves as a reference signal, and the other serves as a probe signal which is sent down to the wire. The fault is detected by correlating the reference signal with the probe signal back-reflected from the fault, namely the location and type of fault point can be inferred from the time delay and amplitude information of the correlation peak. The experimental results show that Boolean-chaos time domain reflectometry can be used to detect faults such as open circuits, short circuits and impedance discontinuities. Furthermore, a spatial resolution of 0.1 m and a maximum range of about 900 m can be achieved.