Research progress on insulation aging mechanism and condition evaluation technology of mining EPDM high-voltage cables
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摘要: 绝缘被认为是电气设备中最薄弱的环节。煤矿特殊工况和电、热、机械应力等老化因子的共同作用，使矿用高压电缆的三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）绝缘老化机理判定与状态评估存在很大的难度。针对煤矿用高压移动软电缆的EPDM绝缘，介绍了EPDM的基本性能和经受的老化因子类型。基于多老化因子作用下EPDM的理化性能、机械性能、电性能，分析了EPDM老化机理。综述了绝缘电阻、局部放电、介质损耗因数和温度等矿用高压电缆绝缘在线监测方法的基本原理和存在的问题。总结了矿用高压电缆绝缘状态评估方法研究现状，介绍了基于改进雷达图的多参量和基于介质损耗的单参量矿用高压电缆绝缘状态评估方法。为应对煤矿智能化发展，一方面矿用电气设备智能化需要在智能感知、智能控制方面开展研究，弥补状态感知环节和状态评估特征量缺失的问题；另一方面需要研究轻量化模型或算法，降低设备旁智能终端的计算复杂性、参数量和分析耗时，提高状态评估技术的可实施性，为实现智能分析和智能决策奠定基础。Abstract: Insulation is considered the weakest link in electrical equipment. The combined effects of special working conditions in coal mines and aging factors such as electrical, thermal, and mechanical stresses make it difficult to determine the aging mechanism and evaluate the condition of EPDM insulation for high-voltage cables used in mines. This paper introduces the basic performance and aging factor types of EPDM insulation for high-voltage mobile flexible cables used in coal mines. Based on the physical, chemical, mechanical, and electrical properties of EPDM under the influence of multiple aging factors, the aging mechanism of EPDM is proposed. This paper summarizes the basic principles and existing problems of online monitoring methods for insulation resistance, partial discharge, dielectric loss factor, and temperature of mining high-voltage cables. The paper summarizes the current research status of insulation status evaluation methods for mining high-voltage cables. The paper introduces the evaluation methods for insulation status of multi parameter based on improved radar map and single parameter based on dielectric loss mining high-voltage cables. To cope with the development of coal mine intelligence, on the one hand, it is suggested to do research on intelligent perception and control of mining electrical equipment to compensate for the lack of state perception and state evaluation feature quantities. On the other hand, it is necessary to study lightweight models or algorithms to reduce the computational complexity, parameter quantity, and analysis time of intelligent terminals near devices. It improves the feasibility of state evaluation technology, and lays the foundation for achieving intelligent analysis and decision-making.
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图 1 电、热、机械应力作用下EPDM老化机理
Figure 1. Aging mechanism of EPDM under electrical, thermal, and mechanical stress
表 1 EPDM基本性能
Table 1. Properties of EPDM
性能参数 值 性能参数 值 密度/ （g·cm−3） 0.86～0.87 断裂伸长率/% 390～420 丙烯含量/% 20～50 表面张力/（mN·m−1） 25～35 比热容/ （kJ·kg−1·K−1） 2.8 玻璃化温度/℃ −60～−50 热导率/ （W·m−1·K−1） 0.3 长期允许运行温度 /℃ 90 热扩散系数/（cm2·s−1） 0.001 2 电阻率/（Ω·cm） 1015 抗张强度/MPa 7～24 相对介电常数 3～4 门尼黏度ML（1+4）100 ℃ 30～120 介质损耗因数 0.2～0.8 闪点/℃ 360 交流介电强度/（kV·mm−1） 30～40 自燃点/℃ 370 直流介电强度/（kV·mm−1） 70～100 
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