超宽带雷达生命探测技术研究

赵尤信; 姚海飞; 李佳慧; 彭然; 李璕

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.18111

超宽带雷达生命探测技术研究

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.18111

赵尤信^1,,
姚海飞^{1, 2},
李佳慧³,
彭然¹,
李璕¹

1.
煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司矿山智能通风事业部，北京　100013
2.
中国矿业大学（北京）应急管理与安全工程学院，北京　100083
3.
华北科技学院建筑工程学院，河北廊坊　065201

基金项目: 廊坊市科技局自筹项目（2020011017）；中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目（3142020020）。

详细信息

作者简介:
赵尤信（1988—），男，山东临沂人，副研究员，博士，主要从事应急技术及火灾防治方面的研究工作，E-mail：zhaoyx_1026@126.com

中图分类号: TD67
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-03
- 修回日期: 2023-09-14
- 网络出版日期: 2023-09-28

Research on ultra wideband radar life detection technology

1.
Mine Intelligent Ventilation Division, CCTEG China Coal Research Institute, Beijing 100013, China
2.
School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Architectural Engineering College, North China University of Science and Technology, Langfang 065201, China

摘要

摘要: 超宽带（UWB）雷达生命探测技术具有功耗低、穿透性好、保密性高等优点，有利于提高灾后受困人员的生存率。系统总结了UWB雷达生命探测技术的国内外研究进展及现状。根据发射信号形式不同，将UWB雷达生命探测技术分为连续波雷达生命探测技术和脉冲波雷达生命探测技术，分别介绍了2种探测技术的原理与应用优势。基于连续波雷达生命探测技术和脉冲波雷达生命探测技术的各自特点，从探测信号发射、回波信号预处理、生命信号提取与分析3个角度，分析了UWB雷达生命探测关键技术，总结了3种关键技术的研究现状。对UWB雷达生命探测技术的研究进行展望：突破生命探测仪收发机硬件性能，提升发射信号带宽，优化射频功率放大技术，以增大穿墙探测距离；综合利用多种特征提取方法和智能模式分类方法，以及人工智能、大数据、云计算等新一代信息技术，提高目标识别的精确度；研制基于多输入多输出雷达的人体目标辨识与定位装备和高精度分布式组网全极化UWB雷达生命探测仪，提升探测结果维度。
- 灾后救援 /
- 生命探测 /
- 超宽带雷达探测 /
- 连续波雷达 /
- 脉冲波雷达 /
- 生命信号提取
Abstract: Ultra wideband (UWB) radar life detection technology has the advantages of low power consumption, good penetration, and high confidentiality. It is beneficial for improving the survival rate of trapped personnel after disasters. This paper systematically summarizes the research progress and current status of UWB radar life detection technology both domestically and internationally. According to the different forms of transmitted signals, UWB radar life detection technology is divided into continuous wave radar life detection technology and pulse wave radar life detection technology. The principles and application advantages of the two detection technologies are introduced respectively. Based on the respective features of continuous wave radar life detection technology and pulse wave radar life detection technology, this paper analyzes the key technologies of UWB radar life detection from three perspectives: detection signal transmission, echo signal preprocessing, and life signal extraction and analysis, and summarizes the research status of the three key technologies. The paper proposes prospects for the research on UWB radar life detection technology. The technology breaks through the hardware performance of life detector transceivers, improves the transmission signal bandwidth, and optimizes RF power amplification technology to increase the detection distance through walls. The technology comprehensively utilizes multiple feature extraction methods and intelligent pattern classification methods, as well as new generation information technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing, to improve the precision of target recognition. The technology develops a human target recognition and positioning equipment based on multi input multi output radar and a high-precision distributed networked fully polarized UWB radar life detector to enhance the dimension of detection results.
- post disaster rescue /
- life detection /
- ultra wideband radar detection /
- continuous wave radar /
- pulse wave radar /
- life signal extraction

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图 1 DN−IV型生命探测仪

Figure 1. DN−IV life detector

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图 2 YSR25矿用防爆型雷达生命探测仪模拟现场应用

Figure 2. Simulated field application of YSR25 mine-used explosion-proof radar life detector

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图 3 连续波雷达生命探测原理

Figure 3. Life detection principle of continuous wave radar

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图 4 脉冲波雷达生命探测原理

Figure 4. Life detection principle of pulse wave radar

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图 5 多普勒雷达发射模块结构

Figure 5. Structure of Doppler radar launch module

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图 6 SRD等效电路

Figure 6. Step recovery diode (SRD) equivalent circuit

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表 1 部分雷达生命探测设备

Table 1. Part of radar life detectors

型号	产地	性能指标
Lifelocator 3+	美国	频率范围100～700 MHz，探测角度±60°，可探测6 m内的呼吸活动及10 m内的移动目标
SRI UWB−SAR	美国	中心频率450 MHz，距离分辨率1 m，带宽250 MHz，最大探测距离25 m
Xaver−400	以色列	频率范围3～10 GHz，检测张角80°，穿墙范围4，8，20 m，分辨率≤1 m，最大探测距离100 m
Po−400 GPR− Detector	俄罗斯	中心频率400 MHz，穿墙后可检测7 m以外的移动人体，最大探测距离20 m
GPR−Detector	英国	中心频率400 MHz，探测深度5 m，穿墙后可测20 m内移动目标，最大探测深度5 m
LEADERSCAN	法国	中心频率400 MHz，穿墙后最大探测距离10 m，最大探测距离30 m

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