Research on data exchange and sharing standards for mining 5G intelligent terminal
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摘要: 5G技术是实现矿山智能化建设的基础，针对不同厂商之间的矿用5G智能终端与管控平台很难实现互通的问题，需要统一和规范5G系统中的数据交互和共享流程。给出了“5G+智能矿山”的部署架构，即矿用5G智能终端通过井上下5G基站、交换机和5G核心网，与包含管控平台的服务器实现数据交互和共享。介绍了矿用5G系统中传输的消息类型、消息传输格式、消息组成和消息连接方式等。针对矿山领域的具体应用场景，将矿用5G系统中的数据分成语音数据、视频数据、传感数据和控制类数据等，并给出了矿用5G智能终端在不同应用场景下传输的数据类型。分析了矿用5G智能终端及管控平台应具备的能够满足数据交互的基本传输能力，指出矿用5G智能终端与管控平台数据交互时的流程包括设备信息查询与上报、设备升级、日志采集、告警下发及处理和平台配置下发及处理等。给出了矿用5G智能终端数据共享的参与实体、安全等级和流程（包括数据的汇聚、申请、授权、提供和反馈）。通过实施标准化流程，在保证通信可靠性的同时，简化了“5G+智能矿山”系统架构下的数据交互和共享流程，以加速矿山智能化建设。Abstract: 5G technology is the foundation for achieving intelligent mining construction. In response to the problem of difficult interoperability between mining 5G intelligent terminals and control platforms among different manufacturers, it is necessary to unify and standardize the data exchange and sharing process in the 5G system. The deployment architecture of "5G+intelligent mining" is proposed. The mining 5G intelligent terminals can interact and share data with servers containing control platforms through 5G base stations, switches, and 5G core networks in coal mines. This paper introduces the message types, message transmission formats, message composition, and message connection methods transmitted in the mining 5G system. For specific application scenarios in the mining field, the data in the mining 5G system is divided into voice data, video data, sensor data, and control data. The data types transmitted by the mining 5G intelligent terminal in different application scenarios are provided. This paper analyzes the basic transmission capabilities that mining 5G intelligent terminals and control platforms should have to meet data interaction. It is pointed out that the process of data interaction between mining 5G intelligent terminals and control platforms includes device information query and reporting, device upgrade, log collection, alarm issuance and processing, and platform configuration issuance and processing. It proposes the participating entities, security levels, and processes for data sharing of mining 5G intelligent terminals (including data aggregation, application, authorization, provision, and feedback). By implementing standardized processes, while ensuring communication reliability, the data exchange and sharing process under the "5G+intelligent mine" system architecture has been simplified to accelerate the intelligent construction of mines.
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表 1 消息类型
Table 1. Message type
数据类型 描述及要求 BYTE 无符号单字节整型（字节，8位） WORD 无符号双字节整型（字，16位） DWORD 无符号4字节整型（双字，32位） MDWORD 无符号6字节整型（三字，48位） BYTE[n] n字节 FLOAT 4字节 DOUBLE 8字节 INT64 8字节 BCD[n] 8421码，n字节 STRING GBK编码，采用0终结符，若无数据，则放1个0终结符 
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表 2 消息头
Table 2. Message header
起始字节 字段 数据类型 描述及要求 0 消息ID WORD — 2 消息体属性 WORD — 4 消息流水号 WORD 按发送顺序从0开始循环累加 6 消息总包数 — 消息分包后的总包数 8 包序号 — 从1开始
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表 3 MQTT协议下的QoS等级
Table 3. QoS level under MQTT protocol
QoS等级 说明 QoS 0 依赖于底层TCP/IP网络的消息发布，允许消息的丢失或重复 QoS 1 消息应至少传送1次至订阅者 QoS 2 保证消息仅1次传送至订阅者
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表 4 不同应用场景下的数据类型
Table 4. Data types in different application scenarios
应用场景 数据类型 露天矿 辅助驾驶 语音数据、视频数据、控制类数据 矿山数字孪生 语音数据、视频数据、控制类数据 井工矿 远程控制 语音数据、视频数据、控制类数据 智能探测 控制类数据、传感数据 智能开采 语音数据、视频数据、控制类数据、传感数据 智能掘进 语音数据、视频数据、控制类数据、传感数据
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