煤矿井下无线传输衰减分析测试与最佳工作频段研究

孙继平; 梁伟锋; 彭铭; 张高敏; 潘涛; 张侯; 李小伟

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.18093

煤矿井下无线传输衰减分析测试与最佳工作频段研究

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.18093

1.
中国矿业大学(北京) 机电与信息工程学院, 北京　100083
2.
国家能源集团国神公司三道沟煤矿, 陕西府谷　719400
3.
国能数智科技开发(北京)有限公司, 北京　100011

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0801800）。

详细信息

作者简介:
孙继平（1958—），男，山西翼城人，教授，博士，博士研究生导师，中国矿业大学（北京）原副校长；获国家科技进步奖和技术发明奖二等奖4项（第1完成人3项）；作为第1完成人获省部级科技进步特等奖和一等奖8项；作为第１完成人主持制定中华人民共和国煤炭行业、安全生产行业和能源行业标准40项；作为第１发明人获国家授权发明专利100余件；主持制定《煤矿安全规程》第十一章“监控与通信”；被SCI和EI检索的第1作者或独立完成论文100余篇；作为第1作者或独立完成著作12部；作为国务院煤矿事故调查专家组组长参加了10起煤矿特别重大事故调查工作；E-mail：sjp@cumtb.edu.cn

中图分类号: TD655
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-03-24
- 修回日期: 2023-04-04
- 网络出版日期: 2023-04-27

Analysis and testing of wireless transmission attenuation in coal mine underground and research on the optimal operating frequency band

1.
School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2.
Sandaogou Coal Mine, CHN Energy Guoshen Group, Fugu 719400, China
3.
CHN Energy Digital Intelligence Technology Development (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 5G，UWB，ZigBee，WiFi6等矿井移动通信、人员及车辆定位、无线传输等技术在煤矿井下应用，促进了煤矿安全生产和煤矿智能化建设。然而受电气防爆的限制，煤矿井下无线发射功率不大于6 W，制约着矿井无线传输距离，增加了基站用量和系统成本，不便于系统使用和维护。在无线发射功率受电气防爆限制的条件下，选择传输衰减较小的无线工作频段，可有效提高无线传输距离，减小基站用量和系统成本。为满足矿井无线传输工作频段选择与优化的需求，在国家能源集团国神公司三道沟煤矿的辅助运输大巷和综采工作面分别进行了700 MHz～6 GHz频段的无线传输测试，并对测试结果进行了分析，提出了矿井无线传输优选频段：① 辅助运输大巷无线传输的最佳工作频段为700～910 MHz。② 综采工作面无线传输的最佳工作频段为700～1 710 MHz。③ 辅助运输大巷无线传输衰减比综采工作面无线传输衰减小，且随着频率增大，辅助运输大巷与综采工作面无线传输衰减的差值变小。④ 矿井无线传输的最佳工作频段为700～1 710 MHz。
- 煤矿智能化 /
- 矿井无线传输 /
- 无线传输衰减 /
- 无线频段 /
- 5G /
- WiFi6 /
- UWB
Abstract: The application of technologies such as 5G, UWB, ZigBee and WiFi6 in coal mine mobile communication, personnel and vehicle positioning, and wireless transmission has promoted coal mine safety production and intelligent construction. However, due to the limitations of electrical explosion-proof measures, the wireless transmission power underground in coal mines is not greater than 6 W, which restricts the wireless transmission distance in the mine, and increases the usage of base stations and system costs. It is not convenient for system use and maintenance. Under the condition that the wireless transmission power is limited by electrical explosion-proof measures, selecting a wireless operating frequency band with smaller transmission attenuation can effectively increase the wireless transmission distance, reduce the usage of base stations, and reduce system costs. In order to meet the needs of selecting and optimizing the working frequency band of wireless transmission in mines, wireless transmission tests in the 700 MHz to 6 GHz frequency band are conducted in the auxiliary transportation roadway and fully mechanized working face of the Sandaogou Coal Mine of the National Energy Group. The test results are analyzed and the optimal frequency band for wireless transmission in mines is proposed. ① The optimal operating frequency band for wireless transmission in auxiliary transportation roadways is 700 to 910 MHz. ② The optimal working frequency band for wireless transmission in fully mechanized working faces is 700 to 1 710 MHz. ③ The wireless transmission attenuation of the auxiliary transportation roadway is smaller than that of the fully mechanized working face. As the frequency increases, the difference in wireless transmission attenuation between the auxiliary transportation roadway and the fully mechanized working face decreases. ④ The optimal working frequency band for wireless transmission in mines is 700 to 1 710 MHz.
- coal mine intelligence /
- wireless transmission in mines /
- wireless transmission attenuation /
- wireless frequency band /
- 5G /
- WiFi6 /
- UWB

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图 1 辅助运输大巷测试现场

Figure 1. Test site in auxiliary transportation roadway

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图 2 综采工作面测试现场

Figure 2. Test site in fully mechanized working face

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图 3 辅助运输大巷设备安装现场

Figure 3. Equipment installation site in auxiliary transportation roadway

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图 4 综采工作面设备安装现场

Figure 4. Equipment installation site in fully mechanized working face

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图 5 辅助运输大巷不同频率无线传输衰减曲线

Figure 5. Curves of wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in auxiliary transportation roadway

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图 6 辅助运输大巷540 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减曲线

Figure 6. Curves of average of wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 540 m of auxiliary transportation roadway

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图 7 综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减曲线

Figure 7. Curves of wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in fully mechanized working face

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图 8 综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减曲线

Figure 8. Curves of average wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 210 m of fully mechanized working face

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图 9 辅助运输大巷和综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减和衰减差值曲线

Figure 9. Curves of average attenuation and attenuation difference of wireless transmission at different frequencies within 210 m of auxiliary transportation roadway and fully mechanized working faces

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表 1 辅助运输大巷不同频率无线传输衰减

Table 1. Wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in auxiliary transportation roadway

收发天线距离/m	辅助运输大巷不同频率无线传输衰减/dB
收发天线距离/m	700 MHz	910 MHz	1 200 MHz	1 500 MHz	1 770 MHz	1 950 MHz	2 400 MHz	2 595 MHz	3 550 MHz	4 800 MHz	5 400 MHz	6 000 MHz
10	33.92	45.69	47.40	42.48	46.87	46.34	47.73	49.87	50.80	54.87	53.82	47.93
20	42.18	48.39	48.56	50.59	51.82	53.64	57.99	56.98	60.45	62.25	64.49	63.68
30	46.47	50.10	55.75	53.88	57.22	56.65	58.63	60.27	64.84	66.22	69.81	70.51
40	45.56	47.09	55.94	58.66	62.92	59.79	62.20	63.90	66.38	67.95	69.55	73.23
50	53.01	51.07	49.92	57.53	63.06	62.35	62.99	65.76	68.06	71.26	71.73	72.49
60	47.33	59.77	56.42	51.60	61.10	65.01	73.17	68.45	71.76	70.71	77.15	74.04
70	47.11	53.95	62.91	60.84	61.21	61.54	77.70	65.35	69.32	71.63	74.20	79.21
80	52.84	49.69	63.74	68.58	61.02	58.12	78.14	65.78	73.56	73.42	74.54	79.41
90	45.89	57.37	59.52	68.32	68.08	68.24	78.61	70.24	73.54	72.97	77.84	78.86
100	54.43	50.76	53.70	62.22	73.55	67.39	76.15	68.96	74.61	73.59	77.76	77.21
110	49.00	50.93	57.57	57.75	69.56	72.10	67.97	69.08	71.53	73.69	71.41	78.54
120	47.45	54.76	56.71	57.18	62.18	71.86	67.80	72.85	67.71	75.95	74.72	81.78
130	51.89	55.60	55.94	58.10	65.03	73.55	67.45	76.58	67.05	81.00	79.80	74.43
140	48.92	54.63	52.88	65.05	67.28	65.85	67.09	72.13	69.62	80.48	82.29	76.70
150	53.04	59.16	58.62	61.35	59.83	66.30	64.64	73.29	73.42	80.97	77.34	77.03
160	51.79	59.32	60.80	57.98	64.46	65.69	64.06	78.61	76.57	81.65	77.66	79.28
170	51.52	53.76	60.37	56.92	65.81	62.76	74.90	75.41	78.59	76.47	81.29	86.61
180	57.12	53.88	56.93	59.06	65.48	66.30	75.72	71.71	82.73	77.61	76.08	88.48
190	54.84	58.18	59.32	61.15	65.99	68.72	76.16	71.54	82.45	77.51	74.96	85.60
200	53.30	61.82	60.91	61.90	61.00	66.22	75.27	70.14	81.97	79.41	77.32	84.41
210	58.65	59.22	61.23	64.50	61.25	65.26	75.56	70.61	80.15	82.66	77.12	79.78
220	58.48	59.73	60.88	63.48	60.13	61.79	72.90	69.02	80.89	85.51	74.57	79.05
230	54.39	60.78	61.46	61.85	61.23	61.97	70.04	72.30	77.10	86.29	76.45	84.00
240	55.82	61.51	56.38	63.94	63.64	63.81	65.51	70.89	72.09	88.07	77.90	77.40
250	58.67	57.58	55.88	64.35	64.61	64.43	69.16	70.37	74.81	85.10	84.97	78.59
260	55.86	56.47	56.84	68.10	66.38	63.64	71.28	72.50	74.10	81.71	84.17	89.82
270	58.37	62.56	59.69	65.60	71.50	67.87	69.74	71.39	72.94	87.09	85.70	87.15
280	61.44	60.24	59.49	63.01	67.87	70.96	69.89	66.60	76.41	85.74	83.25	90.50
290	62.05	57.77	56.70	61.38	66.54	69.39	80.31	67.11	72.04	89.04	83.88	86.13
300	71.56	59.61	58.63	62.78	67.00	74.62	73.92	71.31	71.39	85.87	86.51	87.20
310	67.88	58.02	61.38	63.03	66.98	80.55	66.79	77.33	71.93	81.67	83.80	89.43
320	59.32	57.50	61.83	70.27	66.62	76.14	69.15	70.88	71.40	84.72	87.85	87.24
330	60.70	61.43	58.08	67.73	69.81	77.25	67.52	70.89	69.01	83.33	85.08	90.30
340	60.18	59.33	59.52	60.15	70.74	69.64	68.13	69.33	72.73	86.08	81.91	88.64
350	60.29	60.33	61.27	62.17	65.27	68.81	67.22	71.78	79.76	82.14	82.74	87.22
360	61.57	62.42	62.71	64.58	63.83	72.65	71.14	73.27	85.33	78.79	81.20	94.62
370	64.69	59.72	60.45	69.28	69.05	66.66	76.50	72.25	82.87	79.28	86.50	87.47
380	64.05	58.87	62.19	66.81	66.63	68.20	76.37	75.61	84.79	80.33	83.96	88.69
390	63.30	60.92	64.77	62.14	68.80	69.53	71.85	78.36	75.72	83.39	81.44	85.02
400	62.70	60.90	66.55	66.69	65.68	65.33	76.82	75.17	75.43	79.11	79.66	84.36
410	64.69	64.10	75.62	66.08	70.11	67.44	76.03	75.08	78.36	79.34	85.78	85.13
420	65.54	66.13	66.03	69.52	69.36	77.15	77.47	75.81	78.11	82.44	81.09	84.27
430	66.11	62.67	63.89	64.20	69.23	70.00	75.82	74.83	80.52	78.83	81.00	86.10
440	66.53	64.60	70.95	64.63	72.28	68.68	71.55	75.71	78.62	78.53	81.29	86.11
450	65.17	63.04	73.38	64.82	69.72	68.63	75.01	78.22	81.39	82.26	82.81	85.33
460	65.78	62.01	65.10	68.51	70.85	69.13	81.74	73.97	82.62	82.94	86.11	91.38
470	65.20	65.18	65.37	69.22	73.49	68.46	73.41	73.67	78.50	78.05	82.74	90.41
480	66.23	64.86	75.79	64.24	75.06	71.60	74.04	71.77	76.93	76.23	83.29	88.60
490	65.07	64.80	72.31	66.56	81.27	74.08	73.26	69.71	79.07	78.33	83.65	88.42
500	68.20	66.70	67.83	66.27	75.24	74.98	70.69	73.23	78.29	78.54	83.74	86.63
510	68.19	65.48	72.56	72.82	71.53	74.20	72.73	75.13	81.16	78.98	84.91	89.51
520	68.18	66.04	69.22	71.77	70.18	73.75	74.04	74.30	83.62	78.32	82.17	89.90
530	70.08	68.28	75.64	69.24	70.26	78.76	73.93	76.87	87.53	79.17	81.63	86.33
540	68.49	69.89	71.91	69.40	71.94	89.70	74.62	77.93	85.83	80.34	81.27	87.46

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表 2 辅助运输大巷540 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减

Table 2. Average wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 540 m of auxiliary transportation roadway

频率/MHz	700	910	1 200	1 500	1 770	1 950
平均衰减/dB	58.17	58.97	61.58	63.15	66.44	68.21

频率/MHz	2 400	2 595	3 550	4 800	5 400	6 000
平均衰减/dB	71.27	71.30	75.49	78.85	79.52	82.92

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表 3 综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减

Table 3. Wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies in fully mechanized working face

收发天线距离/m	综采工作面不同频率无线传输衰减/dB
收发天线距离/m	700 MHz	910 MHz	1 200 MHz	1 500 MHz	1 770 MHz	1 950 MHz	2 400 MHz	2 595 MHz	3 550 MHz	4 800 MHz	5 400 MHz	6 000 MHz
10	37.28	44.89	47.28	42.56	47.24	49.04	49.57	50.79	48.66	55.57	53.48	56.22
20	47.35	48.46	53.31	45.56	56.58	58.11	59.52	60.69	60.37	66.21	67.12	68.37
30	54.61	54.37	58.08	53.87	63.16	63.19	63.56	66.75	65.67	71.55	72.20	73.17
40	57.07	55.67	57.14	58.39	63.53	65.69	67.82	69.61	66.44	76.26	73.96	74.75
50	60.22	67.70	59.56	60.97	63.11	64.06	69.02	72.69	73.09	74.18	75.16	74.47
60	57.78	63.81	66.07	62.42	66.26	65.89	68.94	71.24	71.01	77.53	80.29	76.80
70	58.97	65.07	71.25	62.32	69.03	67.88	68.20	71.83	75.05	77.93	79.75	81.78
80	60.35	67.24	65.34	66.66	73.84	71.89	71.77	75.06	77.77	81.92	80.69	78.71
90	64.09	71.46	65.83	68.53	79.65	78.36	71.21	73.14	79.38	82.60	84.26	79.68
100	67.44	72.24	69.06	69.98	83.71	77.14	72.37	78.76	72.38	81.50	80.18	82.70
110	67.18	72.67	71.11	71.02	83.38	79.04	77.11	79.84	75.69	82.50	87.49	80.34
120	70.06	74.52	71.10	71.87	77.86	77.96	83.29	79.30	78.33	85.64	85.15	82.81
130	75.51	79.26	72.31	72.51	77.67	77.70	80.38	78.57	78.24	85.62	85.93	87.73
140	77.73	78.44	75.59	71.04	77.15	78.16	79.19	83.35	77.13	86.46	82.25	88.08
150	80.37	83.97	77.06	71.28	79.41	79.43	84.80	88.13	76.39	89.30	82.54	89.50
160	84.50	82.08	78.29	71.66	80.11	78.94	85.73	86.72	85.49	85.19	83.71	81.58
170	84.14	83.57	79.23	75.92	81.47	82.32	86.84	94.32	85.07	85.04	88.22	82.46
180	85.18	89.90	79.38	76.56	81.53	83.01	84.37	91.90	90.32	87.12	87.93	85.31
190	86.48	92.02	81.28	77.00	81.46	82.02	87.68	89.28	87.54	86.85	88.25	87.99
200	86.59	89.24	83.58	78.88	80.15	80.96	89.91	87.40	87.87	85.63	90.78	89.87
210	89.08	88.19	81.24	81.49	79.18	80.31	85.37	92.91	90.56	92.22	87.20	91.96

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表 4 综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减

Table 4. Average wireless transmission attenuation at different frequencies within 210 m of fully mechanized working face

频率/MHz	700	910	1 200	1 500	1 770	1 950
平均衰减/dB	69.86	72.28	69.98	67.28	73.67	73.19

频率/MHz	2 400	2 595	3 550	4 800	5 400	6 000
平均衰减/dB	76.08	77.79	76.84	80.56	80.65	81.02

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表 5 辅助运输大巷和综采工作面210 m内不同频率无线传输平均衰减和衰减差值

Table 5. Average attenuation and attenuation difference of wireless transmission at different frequencies within 210 m of auxiliary transportation roadway and fully mechanized working faces

位置	不同频率无线传输平均衰减/dB
位置	700 MHz	910 MHz	1 200 MHz	1 500 MHz	1 770 MHz	1 950 MHz	2 400 MHz	2 595 MHz	3 550 MHz	4 800 MHz	5 400 MHz	6 000 MHz
辅助运输大巷210 m内	49.82	54.05	56.91	58.84	62.61	63.99	69.04	68.45	71.67	73.92	74.33	76.63
综采工作面210 m内	69.86	72.28	69.98	67.28	73.67	73.19	76.08	77.79	76.84	80.56	80.65	81.02
衰减差值/dB	19.32	18.55	12.76	8.33	10.99	9.40	6.51	9.75	4.63	6.88	6.46	4.05

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