Measurement of UWB signal path loss and center frequency selection in underground coal mines
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摘要: 煤矿井下分别部署UWB，5G，WiFi6等系统，存在基站多、传输线缆多、供电设备多、系统成本高、维护工作量大等问题。将UWB，5G，WiFi6等集成在同一个一体化基站或分站内，可有效解决上述问题，但一体化基站的UWB，5G，WiFi6天线之间距离近，相互干扰大。选择不同的工作频段，是解决一体化基站的UWB，5G，WiFi6天线之间相互干扰大的有效方法。为与地面设备兼容，矿用WiFi6和5G工作频段选择范围较小，UWB工作频段选择范围较大。目前矿井人员和车辆定位系统主要采用UWB主流芯片DW1000，其中心频率为3.5，4.0，4.5，6.5 GHz。中心频率为3.5 GHz的UWB与3.5 GHz的5G工作频段相近，不宜选用。中心频率为4.0，4.5，6.5 GHz的3个频段的UWB，均与5G和WiFi6频段不相近，可选择其中衰减较小的频段作为矿用UWB中心频率。煤矿井下测试结果表明，4.0 GHz信号的路径损耗最小，在其他条件相同的情况下，传输距离最远，既解决了UWB与5G和WiFi6相互干扰的问题，又减少了基站数量和系统成本，便于使用与维护。因此，UWB中心频率应优选4.0 GHz。Abstract: The deployment of UWB, 5G and WiFi6 systems underground in coal mines has problems such as multiple base stations, multiple transmission cables, multiple power supply equipment, high system costs, and heavy maintenance workload. Integrating UWB, 5G and WiFi6 antennas into the same integrated base station or sub station can effectively solve the above problems. However, the distance between UWB, 5G and WiFi6 antennas in the integrated base station is close, resulting in high mutual interference. Choosing different operating frequency bands is an effective method to solve the high mutual interference between UWB, 5G and WiFi6 antennas in integrated base stations. To be compatible with ground equipment, the selection range of mining WiFi6 and 5G operating frequency bands is relatively small, while the selection range of UWB operating frequency bands is relatively large. At present, the positioning system for mine personnel and vehicles mainly uses the UWB mainstream chip DW1000, with a center frequency of 3.5, 4.0, 4.5 and 6.5 GHz. The UWB with a center frequency of 3.5 GHz is similar to the 5G operating frequency band of 3.5 GHz. It is not suitable for selection. The three frequency bands of UWB with center frequencies of 4.0, 4.5 and 6.5 GHz are not similar to the 5G and WiFi 6 frequency bands. The frequency band with smaller attenuation can be selected as the center frequency of the mining UWB. The underground testing results of coal mines show that the path loss of the 4.0 GHz signal is the smallest, and the transmission distance is the farthest under the same other conditions. This not only solves the problem of interference between UWB, 5G and WiFi6, but also reduces the number of base stations and system costs. It is easy to use and maintain. Therefore, the UWB center frequency should preferably be 4.0 GHz.
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Key words:
- wireless transmission in mines /
- wireless transmission attenuation /
- working frequency band /
- path loss /
- center frequency /
- UWB /
- 5G /
- WiFi6
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图 6 4.0 GHz信号在不同巷道各空间点位路径损耗
Figure 6. Path loss at each spatial points of 4.0 GHz signal in different roadways
图 7 4.5 GHz信号在不同巷道各空间点位路径损耗
Figure 7. Path loss at each spatial points of 4.5 GHz signal in different roadways
图 8 5.5 GHz信号在不同巷道各空间点位路径损耗
Figure 8. Path loss at each spatial points of 5.5 GHz signal in different roadways
图 9 6.0 GHz信号在不同巷道各空间点位路径损耗
Figure 9. Path loss at each spatial points of 6.0 GHz signal in different roadways
表 1 巷道横截面空间点位距离参数
Table 1. Spatial point distance parameter of roadway cross section
m 巷道 L1 L2 H1 H2 H3 副一大巷 2.2 2.2 1 2 3 副二大巷 2.4 2.4 1 2 3 辅运大巷 2.8 2.8 1 2 3 
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表 2 10 m电缆损耗实测结果
Table 2. Measured loss results of 10 m cable
中心频率/GHz 4.0 4.5 5.5 6.0 损耗/dB 9.0 9.6 10.8 11.4
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