Study on evaluation method of insulation performance of mine cable based on dielectric response method
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摘要: 矿用高压电缆在实际使用中易受电、热、机械应力等多种因素的复合作用，加速绝缘老化，易导致电缆漏电、短路或放电等故障。目前，介电响应法被引入矿用电缆绝缘性能及老化状态的分析、评估和诊断中。针对基于介电响应法的电缆绝缘性能及老化状态评估问题，以常用的三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）绝缘矿用移动软电缆为研究对象，总结了介电响应法中回复电压法、极化/去极化电流法和频域介电谱法的基本原理和典型特征量，对比了3种方法的优缺点。介绍了扩展Debye模型提取的老化因子、修正介电驰豫模型提取的弛豫特征量、介质损耗积分谱等基于介电响应模型的电缆绝缘性能评估特征量。从基于回复电压法和极化/去极化电流法的矿用电缆电痕腐蚀程度判别，以及基于极化/去极化电流法和等温松弛电流、基于介电驰豫模型、基于介质损耗积分值的EPDM绝缘多应力老化状态评估等方面，综述了介电响应法在矿用电缆绝缘性能评估中的应用研究。针对基于介电响应法的矿用电缆绝缘性能评估存在的在线监测技术无法适应煤矿工况、评估用数据不足、绝缘劣化程度与特征量关系未知等问题，提出应重点研究电缆绝缘状态感知、绝缘劣化程度与特征量关系构建这2项关键技术。Abstract: The high voltage cable used in mine is affected by many factors, such as electricity, heat and machinery stress. These factors accelerate insulation aging and easily lead to cable leakage, short circuit or discharge. At present, the dielectric response method is introduced into analysis, evaluation and diagnosis of insulation performance and aging state of mine cables. In view of problems of insulation performance and aging state evaluation of mine cables, the commonly used ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) insulated mobile flexible cable for mining is taken as the research object. The basic principles and typical characteristics of recovery voltage method, polarization/depolarization current method and frequency-domain dielectric spectroscopy method in dielectric response method are summarized. The advantages and disadvantages of the three methods are compared. The characteristics of cable insulation performance evaluation based on the dielectric response model are introduced. The characteristics include the aging factor extracted by the extended Debye model, relaxation characteristics extracted by the modified dielectric relaxation model and dielectric loss integral spectrum. The application of the dielectric response method in the evaluation of the insulation performance of mine cables is summarized from the following aspects. The aspects include the identification of trace corrosion degree of mine cables based on recovery voltage method and polarization/depolarization current method. The aspects include the evaluation of EPDM insulation multi-stress aging state based on polarization/depolarization current method and isothermal relaxation current, based on dielectric relaxation model and based on dielectric loss integral value. The existing online monitoring technology for the evaluation of the insulation performance of mine cables based on the dielectric response method cannot adapt to the working conditions of coal mines. The evaluation data is insufficient, and the relationship between the insulation deterioration degree and the characteristic quantity is unknown. In order to solve the above problems, this paper puts forward that the research should focus on two key technologies, namely, cable insulation state perception and the relationship between insulation degradation degree and characteristic quantity construction.
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图 5 因电痕腐蚀引发故障的矿用电缆接头
Figure 5. Mine-used cable's joint with failure caused by electrical tracking corrosion
图 6 不同电痕腐蚀程度的电缆绝缘用EPDM去极化电流
Figure 6. Depolarization current of ethylene propylene diene monomer(EPDM) for cable insulation with different corrosion degree of electrical tracking
图 7 不同电痕腐蚀程度的电缆绝缘用EPDM回复电压
Figure 7. Return voltage of EPDM for cable insulation with different corrosion degree of electrical tracking
图 8 多因素作用老化的EPDM极化电流和去极化电流
Figure 8. Polarization and depolarization currents of EPDM aged under multi factors
图 9 EPDM的双弛豫Cole−Cole模型特征量
Figure 9. Characteristic parameters of double relaxation Cole-Cole model of EPDM
图 10 不同老化时间下EPDM介质损耗积分值
Figure 10. Dielectric loss integral value of EPDM under different aging time
表 1 介电响应法优缺点
Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of dielectric response methods
方法 优点 缺点 RVM 无损检测，易于现场测量，抗干扰能力强 易受电荷积聚影响，测量
时间较长PDC法 无损检测，能分辨出电导
极化现象易受现场干扰，高频信息
损失严重，初始电流难以
测量FDS法 无损检测，不受电荷积聚
影响，信息丰富低频测量时间长，测量电
压低
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表 2 交联聚乙烯电缆绝缘状态评估用典型老化因子
Table 2. Typical aging factors for estimating insulation performance of XLPE cable
电缆绝缘状态 老化因子 非常好 0~1.75 中年 1.75~1.90 老化严重 1.90~2.10 劣化 ＞2.10
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表 3 电缆绝缘电阻
Table 3. Insulation resistances of cable
试样 R/GΩ R'/GΩ 误差/% EPDM0 360.9 335 7.16 EPDM1 234.3 222 5.26 EPDM2 142.0 138 2.82 EPDM3 125.5 127 1.17
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表 4 不同老化时间下EPDM老化因子
Table 4. Ageing factors of EPDM under different ageing time
老化时间/h 0 15 30 45 60 老化因子 2.02 2.20 2.63 2.92 6.24
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表 5 EPDM的Havriliak−Negami模型特征量
Table 5. Characteristic parameters of Havriliak-Negami model of EPDM
老化时间/h χs τ/s σ0/
(10−15 S·m−1)σH/
(10−12 S·m−1)0 0.02 0.930 1.29 0.85 200 0.28 0.005 4.93 2.81 400 0.52 0.070 4.96 4.99 600 1.10 1.030 13.5 17.8
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