Coal mine underground wireless transmission analysis method
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摘要: 目前，矿井移动通信系统、人员和车辆定位系统设计和规划主要靠经验和现场测试，存在工作量大、通信基站和定位分站布置及其天线设置难以优化等问题。为促进煤矿井下无线传输分析方法在矿井移动通信系统、人员和车辆定位系统设计和规划，以及通信基站和定位分站布置及其天线设置中的应用，分析了不同煤矿井下无线传输分析方法适用范围和优缺点：① 抛物方程法具有算法简单、所需计算内存资源量较小等优点，但不适用于分析巷道起伏、支护、纵向导体和横向导体等因素对矿井无线传输衰减的影响。② 时域有限差分法适用范围较广，但需较大的计算内存资源量，分析巷道弯曲、起伏、断面形状不规则等因素对矿井无线传输衰减的影响时，误差较大。③ 有限元法适用范围最广，可以采用四面体网格，相比于时域有限差分法中使用的六面体网格，可以更好地拟合不规则结构巷道，但所需计算内存资源量最大，现有高档服务器内存容量难以满足需求，适用于小断面、短距离、低频率煤矿井下无线传输分析。④ 射线追踪法具有算法简单、所需计算内存资源量最小等优点，但适用范围小，仅适用于分析高频段无线工作频率、断面形状、围岩介质、巷道弯曲等因素对矿井无线传输衰减的影响，不能分析天线在巷道断面不同位置、巷道分支、巷道起伏、支护、纵向导体和横向导体等因素对矿井无线传输衰减的影响，并且在分析低频段无线工作频率对矿井无线传输衰减的影响时，误差大。⑤ 统计分析法具有简单易用的优点，但需要大量实测数据，而煤矿井下巷道种类多、环境复杂，存在分支、弯曲和起伏等，测量工作量大，效率低，难以测量煤矿井下不同巷道和支护等条件下无线传输衰减数据，难以分析无线工作频率、天线在巷道断面不同位置、巷道断面面积和形状、巷道弯曲、巷道分支、巷道起伏、围岩介质、支护、纵向导体、横向导体等因素对煤矿井下无线传输衰减的影响。Abstract: At present, the design and plan of the mine mobile communication system and the personnel and vehicle positioning system mainly depend on experience and field test. There are some problems such as heavy workload, difficult optimization of the layout of the communication base station and positioning substation and the antenna setting, etc. In order to promote the application of underground wireless transmission analysis methods in the design and plan of mine mobile communication system, personnel and vehicle positioning system, as well as the layout of the communication base station and positioning substation and the antenna setting, the application scope, advantage and disadvantages of different underground wireless transmission analysis methods are analyzed. ① Parabolic equation method has the advantages of simple algorithm and small computing memory resources. But it is not suitable for analyzing the influence of roadway undulation, support, longitudinal conductor and transverse conductor on wireless transmission attenuation in mines. ② The finite-difference time-domain method has a wide range of applications. But it requires a larger amount of computing memory resources. When analyzing the influence of roadway bending, undulation, irregular section shape and other factors on the wireless transmission attenuation in mines, the error is large. ③ The finite element method is the most widely used. The tetrahedral mesh can be used. Compared with the hexahedral mesh used in the finite difference time domain method, it can fit irregularly structured roadways better. But it requires the largest computing memory resources. The existing high-grade server memory capacity is difficult to meet the demand. It is suitable for small section, short distance, and low-frequency coal mine underground wireless transmission analysis. ④ The ray tracing method has the advantages of simple algorithm and minimum computing memory resources. But the application range is small. The ray tracing method is only suitable for analyzing the influence of factors such as high-frequency wireless working frequency, section shape, surrounding rock medium, and roadway bending on the wireless transmission attenuation of the mine. The ray tracing method cannot analyze the influence of factors such as different positions of an antenna on a roadway section, roadway branches, roadway undulation, supports, longitudinal conductor and transverse conductor on the wireless transmission attenuation of the mine. When analyzing the influence of low frequency band wireless operating frequency on the wireless transmission attenuation of the mine, the error is large. ⑤ The statistical analysis method has the advantage of simplicity and ease of use, but it requires a large amount of measured data. The coal mine underground roadway has a plurality of types, complex environment, branches, bends, and undulation. It has large measurement workload and low efficiency. It is difficult to measure the wireless transmission attenuation data under the conditions of different roadways and supports in the coal mine underground. It is difficult to analyze the wireless working frequency, the different positions of the antenna on the roadway section, the area and the shape of the roadway section, the bend of the roadway, the branch of the roadway, the undulation of the roadway, the surrounding rock medium, the supports, the longitudinal conductor and transverse conductor on wireless transmission attenuation of the mine.oadway, the surrounding rock medium, the supports, the longitudinal conductors, and transverse conductor on wireless transmission attenuation of the mine.
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图 1 煤矿井下无线传输分析方法
Figure 1. Coal mine underground wireless transmission analysis method
表 1 煤矿井下无线传输分析方法对比
Table 1. Comparison of analysis methods of wireless transmission in underground coal mine
方法 概述 优点 缺点 抛物方程法 对波动方程在特定方向进行近似求解的方法 算法原理简单，所需计算内存资源量较小 不适用于分析巷道起伏、支护、纵向导体和横向导体等因素对矿井无线传输衰减的影响 时域有限差分法 将待求解区域按空间进行划分，并按时间顺序对电场分量和磁场分量进行逐步推进求解的方法 原理相对简单，采用的六面体网格剖分容易，适用范围较广 需要较大的计算内存资源量，且分析巷道弯曲、起伏、断面形状不规则等因素对矿井无线传输衰减的影响时，误差较大 有限元法 通过变分原理将麦克斯韦方程转换为泛函极值问题，并进行剖分插值求解的方法 采用的四面体网格可以较好地拟合各种不规则结构的巷道，适用范围最广 所需计算内存资源量最大，仅适用于小断面、短距离、低频率煤矿井下无线传输分析 射线追踪法 基于几何光学理论，将高频电磁波近似为射线的方法 算法简单，所需计算内存资源量最小 仅适用于分析高频段无线工作频率、断面形状、围岩介质、巷道弯曲等因素对矿井无线传输衰减的影响，不能分析天线在巷道断面不同位置、巷道分支、巷道起伏、支护、纵向导体和横向导体等因素对矿井无线传输衰减的影响，且分析低频段无线工作频率对矿井无线传输衰减的影响时，误差大 统计分析法 利用统计学原理对现场实际测量数据进行归纳总结，并进行数值分析的方法 简单易用 现场测量工作量大，效率低，适用范围小，无法应用于分析无线工作频率、天线在巷道断面不同位置、巷道断面面积和形状、巷道弯曲、巷道分支、巷道起伏、围岩介质、支护、纵向导体、横向导体等因素对矿井无线传输衰减的影响 
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