Development path of new generation intelligent coal mine under HCPS theory system
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摘要: 在当前煤矿智能化高质量工业发展背景下，基于新一代智能制造“人−信息−物理系统”（HCPS）技术机理，提出了以人为核心的新一代智能煤矿理论体系和技术路径。通过介绍近代煤矿机械化−信息化−智能化的生产模式演进和人、信息系统、物理系统的技术发展，以及新一代智能煤矿发展过程中主要面临的关键场景技术，构建了新一代智能煤矿的HCPS技术体系，阐述了人、煤矿信息系统、煤机装备物理系统相互协同作用机制，并从人、煤矿信息系统、煤机装备物理系统及三者集成这4个维度给出了HCPS技术组成要素。根据以人为核心的发展理念，提出了新一代智能煤矿HCPS理论体系下人机协同技术路径，重点阐明了煤矿安全生产目标下人机自主协同交互模式、人在回路的煤矿安全生产态势感知、人机信任与交互模式下的煤矿系统控制共享、煤矿任务场景的人机信息交互可视化应用开发等核心技术。指出采矿、机械、信息、计算机、管理等多学科交叉人才培养与实践，煤矿管理创新、安全制度创新、生产模式创新、人员工种创新等，是新一代智能煤矿发展的2个关键点。Abstract: Under the background of the current development of the intelligent high-quality coal mine industry, based on the technical mechanism of "human-cyber-physical system"(HCPS) of new generation intelligent manufacturing , the theoretical system and technical path of the new generation intelligent coal mine with human as the center are proposed. By introducing the evolution of modern coal mine mechanization, informatization and intelligent production mode and the technical development of human, cyber system and physical system, as well as the key scene technologies faced by the development process of the new generation intelligent coal mine, the HCPS technical system of the new generation intelligent coal mine is constructed. The interaction mechanism of human, coal mine cyber system and coal machine equipment physical system is expounded. The HCPS technology elements are given from the four dimensions of human, coal mine cyber system, coal machine equipment physical system and their integration. According to the human-centered development concept, the human-machine cooperation technology path under HCPS theoretical system of the new generation intelligent coal mine is proposed. The core technologies such as human-machine autonomous cooperative interaction mode under the goal of coal mine safety production, situation awareness of coal mine safety production based on man in the loop , coal mine system control sharing under human-machine trust and interaction mode, visualization application development of human-machine information interaction of coal mine task scene are emphatically expounded. It is pointed out that training and practice of the multi-disciplinary talent of mining, machinery, cyber, computer and management, and the innovation of coal mine management, safety system, production mode and personnel type of work are the two key points of the development of the new generation intelligent coal mine.
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图 2 初级智能煤矿的HCPS架构
Figure 2. Human-cyber-physical system architecture of primary intelligent coal mine
图 3 新一代智能煤矿的HCPS架构
Figure 3. Human-cyber-physical system architecture of new generation intelligent coal mine
图 4 新一代智能煤矿的HCPS技术体系
Figure 4. Human-cyber-physical system technology system of new generation intelligent coal mine
图 5 人在回路的煤矿安全生产态势感知技术框架
Figure 5. Situation awareness technology framework of coal mine safety production based on man in the loop
图 6 基于人机信任的煤矿各系统人机自主协同决策与控制机制
Figure 6. Human-machine autonomous cooperative decision-making and control mechanism of coal mine systems based on man-machine trust
表 1 新一代智能煤矿的HCPS技术组成要素
Table 1. Elements of human-cyber-physical system technology of new generation intelligent coal mine
维度 子维度 具体内容 人 人的角色 煤机设备操作工、机电维修工、信息化维护工、安全监管员、矿山图纸设计者、软件开发者、煤矿组织管理者 人的效用 煤矿安全生产的执行效用、组织效用、维护效用、决策效用、管理效用 组织形式 队级、科级、矿级、集团级、技术服务团队 人才层次 煤矿普通技能工人、专业技术员、技术创新人才、管理创新人才 物理系统 安全类 井下安全避难设施、智能型煤矿人员自救穿戴、智能型瓦斯预抽采系统、智能型防火注氮设施、智能型工作面除尘系统、智能型探水设备、智能通风系统、智能型防爆本安装置、智能型顶板卸压装备、救援机器人 生产类 智能采煤装备群、智能掘进装备群、生产辅助机器人 综合保障类 地质探测系统、智能胶带运输系统、智能提升系统、智能辅助运输系统、智能排水系统、智能供电系统、智能压风系统、煤矿特种机器人 信息系统 感知层 井下安全监测传感器、煤机装备状态传感器、地质类传感器、人员状态传感器、音视频系统、智能终端 传输层 井下物联网交互网关、数据交换机、固定有线网络、无线覆盖网络、广域网 平台层 煤矿云计算设施、专业分类数据标志标准、分布式数据库、分析建模平台、微服务及应用开发环境、客户端、信息运维中心 人工智能模型库 煤矿安全分析模型、安全生产规划模型、矿井数字孪生模型、煤机控制决策模型、人机协同自学习模型、煤矿管理协作模型 软件应用层 地质、采掘、安监、综合保障、选煤、管理、经营等煤矿业务智能管控应用软件 系统集成 系统层级 工作面单元级、采区系统级、整体矿井级、整个集团级 设计开发 “一张图”设计更新、透明地质建模、煤机设备选型、信息基础设施建设、软件平台开发、人机界面设计 运营管理 煤矿多系统综合管控平台、多业务协同管理平台、数据专业分析、设备全生命周期管理、安全监测预警平台、人工智能技术赋能 运行模式 采煤专业人员自主、煤机系统自主、人机协同交互 生命周期 煤炭开采周期、煤炭销售周期、系统服役周期、人员管控周期 
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表 2 新一代智能煤矿HCPS体系下不同自主程度的人机协同交互模式
Table 2. Human-machine cooperative interaction mode with different autonomy degrees under new generation intelligent coal mine human-cyber-physical system
层级 自主程度[32] 适用的煤矿人机混合系统或行为 1 人类执行所有行为 煤机设备修理、信息化系统维护、矿山设计等 2 自主系统可完全补充人类行为集 巷道拉低修复、喷射混凝土等非标辅助工作等 3 自主系统可提供一组人类行为补充集合 材料搬运机器人、水仓清理机器人、智能地质探测系统等 4 自主系统仅提供建议 安全生产协调规划与综合管控、复杂地质条件生产行为、人员路线规划等 5 自主系统在人类允许下自主执行一个行为 智能采煤系统、智能掘进系统、灾区探测机器人、救援机器人等 6 自主系统在有限时间内人类不否决的情况下自动执行行为 智能煤流运输系统、智能提升系统等 7 自主系统执行一个行为并告知人类 应急救援系统等 8 自主系统执行一个行为并在人类要求时告知 智能通风系统、智能辅助运输系统等 9 自主系统执行一个行为并自主决定是否告知人类 智能供电系统、灾害监测预警系统、巡检机器人、固定值守机器人等 10 自主系统自主执行所有行为 智能排水系统、智能压风系统、智能分选系统等
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