矿用透射式检测用X射线源的辐射性能与安全性能研究

李者; 王文清

doi:10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.17957

矿用透射式检测用X射线源的辐射性能与安全性能研究

doi: 10.13272/j.issn.1671-251x.17957

李者^1,,
王文清^{2, 3}

1.
中煤科工集团沈阳研究院有限公司, 辽宁抚顺　113112
2.
北京工业职业技术学院科研处, 北京　100042
3.
北京市煤炭矿用机电设备技术开发有限公司, 北京　100042

基金项目: 北京市教育委员会双高建设技术技能创新服务平台及团队建设项目（1106022512）。

详细信息

作者简介:
李者（1978—），女，黑龙江依安人，副研究员，现从事防爆电气安全方面的研究工作，E-mail：124478340@qq.com

中图分类号: TD76
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-24
- 修回日期: 2022-11-04
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-21

Research on radiation performance and safety performance of X-ray source for mine transmission detection

LI Zhe^1
,,
WANG Wenqing^{2, 3}

1.
CCTEG Shenyang Research Institute, Fushun 113112, China
2.
Office of Scientific Research, Beijing Polytechnic College, Beijing 100042, China
3.
Beijing Coal Mining Electric Equipment Technical Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100042, China

摘要

摘要: X射线源是X射线透射式检测的核心组成设备，其稳定性与可靠性决定了X射线透射式检测性能。为满足X射线透射式检测的性能要求，X射线源的管电压宜在100～160 kV之间选取、管电流控制在0.1～4 mA。针对由Q235钢板制造的隔爆外壳会大大降低X射线源辐射输出强度的问题，提出了在矿用X射线源的隔爆外壳上安装钢化玻璃制成的X射线透窗，增加X射线的透射率。以煤矿选矸识别透射式检测领域应用的X射线源最大管电压160 kV、最大管电流4 mA为例，通过实测计算出矿用X射线源的最大辐射输出功率约为50 mW，满足GB/T 3836.22—2017《爆炸性环境第22部分：光辐射设备和传输系统的保护措施》规定的辐射功率不超过150 mW的要求。为降低矿用X射线源工作温度升高的风险，提出了X射线管宜选用导热性能好的陶瓷壳体，X射线管阳极与金属外壳直接固定以增加散热效果，利用X射线透窗来减少X射线管阳极电流产生的热功率，从而保证矿用X射线源的隔爆外壳表面温度小于GB/T 3836.1—2021《爆炸性环境第1部分:设备通用要求》规定的150 ℃限值。为避免矿用X射线源对周围环境产生辐射影响，提出了将X射线管安装在用3 mm厚不锈钢+5 mm厚金属铅制成的铅室中，以屏蔽非工作区域的X射线，从而保证矿用X射线源的非工作区域X射线泄漏的剂量当量率小于GBZ 125—2009《含密封源仪表的放射卫生防护要求》规定的2.5 µSv/h限值。
- 矿用X射线源 /
- X射线透射式检测 /
- X射线透窗 /
- 辐射输出功率 /
- 屏蔽防护
Abstract: The X-ray source is the core component equipment of X-ray transmission detection. The stability and reliability of the X-ray source determine the performance of X-ray transmission detection. In order to meet the performance requirements of X-ray transmission detection, the tube voltage of X-ray source should be selected between 100-160 kV, and the tube current should be controlled between 0.1-4 mA. In view of the problem that the flameproof shell made of Q235 steel plate can greatly reduce the radiation output intensity of X-ray source, the X-ray transparent window made of tempered glass is installed on the flameproof shell of mine X-ray source to increase the transmission rate of X-ray. Taking the maximum tube voltage of 160 kV and the maximum tube current of 4 mA of X-ray source applied in the field of coal mine gangue selection identification transmission detection as an example, the maximum radiation output power of the mine X-ray source is calculated to be about 50 mW through actual measurement. The result meets the requirements of GB/T 3836.22-2017 Explosive Atmospheres-Part 22: Protection of Equipment and Transmission System Using Optical Radiation which stipulates that the radiation power shall not exceed 150 mW. In order to reduce the risk of the working temperature rise of the mine X-ray source, it is proposed that the X-ray tube should be made of the ceramic shell with good thermal conductivity. The anode of the X-ray tube should be directly fixed to the metal shell to increase the heat dissipation effect. The X-ray transparent window should be used to reduce the thermal power generated by the anode current of the X-ray tube. This will ensure that the surface temperature of the flameproof shell of the mine X-ray source is less than the 150 ℃ limit specified in GB/T 3836.1-2021 Explosive Atmospheres-Part 1: Equipment-General Requirements. In order to avoid the radiation impact of mine X-ray source on the surrounding environment, it is proposed to install the X-ray tube in a lead chamber made of 3 mm thick stainless steel and 5 mm thick metallic lead. This will shield the X-ray in non-working area, so as to ensure that the dose equivalent rate of X-ray leakage in the non-working area of the mine X-ray source is less than 2.5 µSv/h limit specified in GBZ 125-2009 Radiological Protection Requirements for Gauges Containing Sealed Radioactive Source.
- mine X-ray source /
- X-ray transmission detection /
- X-ray transparent window /
- radiated output power /
- shielding protection

HTML全文

图 1 X射线源的辐射输出窗口

Figure 1. Radiation output window of X-ray source

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 X射线透窗布置

Figure 2. X-ray transmission window arrangement

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同管电压下钨靶的X射线转换效率

Table 1. X-ray conversion efficiency of tungsten target under different tube voltages

管电压/kV	辐射能量转换效率/%	热能转换效率/%
100	0.74	99.26
120	0.89	99.11
140	1.04	98.96
160	1.18	98.82
200	1.48	98.52

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 管电压为100 kV时X射线穿过钢板的透射率

Table 2. Transmittance of X-ray through steel plate at 100 kV tube voltage

钢板数量	钢板厚度/mm	信号电压/V	透射率/%
1	1	0.409 9	25.79
2	2	0.188 1	11.84
3	3	0.099 3	6.25
4	4	0.056 6	3.56
5	5	0.033 9	2.13

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表 3 管电压为120 kV时X射线穿过钢板的透射率

Table 3. Transmittance of X-ray through steel plate at 120 kV tube voltage

钢板数量	钢板厚度/mm	信号电压/V	透射率/%
1	1	0.731 3	31.25
2	2	0.375 7	16.06
3	3	0.218 7	9.35
4	4	0.137 1	5.86
5	5	0.090 1	3.85

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表 4 管电压为160 kV时X射线穿过钢板的透射率

Table 4. Transmittance of X-ray through steel plate at 160 kV tube voltage

钢板数量	钢板厚度/mm	信号电压/V	透射率/%
1	1	1.618 4	40.57
2	2	0.902 6	22.63
3	3	0.523 8	13.13
4	4	0.273 1	6.85
5	5	0.264 4	6.63

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表 5 管电压为100 kV时X射线穿过钢化玻璃的透射率

Table 5. Transmittance of X-ray through tempered glass at 100 kV tube voltage

玻璃数量	玻璃厚度 /mm	信号电压/V	透射率/%
1	1.93	1.229 5	77.37
2	3.86	0.992 9	62.48
3	5.79	0.821 3	51.68
4	7.72	0.689 8	43.41
5	9.65	0.585 0	36.81

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 管电压为120 kV时X射线穿过钢化玻璃的透射率

Table 6. Transmittance of X-ray through tempered glass at 120 kV tube voltage

玻璃数量	玻璃厚度/mm	信号电压/V	透射率/%
1	1.93	1.868 0	79.83
2	3.86	1.544 0	65.98
3	5.79	1.302 0	55.64
4	7.72	1.109 0	47.39
5	9.65	0.955 9	40.85

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 管电压为160 kV时X射线穿过钢化玻璃的透射率

Table 7. Transmittance of X-ray through tempered glass at 160 kV tube voltage

玻璃数量	玻璃厚度/mm	信号电压/V	透射率/%
1	1.93	3.392 5	85.04
2	3.86	2.655 9	66.58
3	5.79	2.316 3	58.07
4	7.72	2.177 8	54.59
5	9.65	1.730 5	43.38

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表 8 X射线管常见壳体材料的主要性能指标

Table 8. Main performance indexes of common shell materials of X-ray tube

性能	玻璃	陶瓷
抗拉强度/MPa	80～200	150～500
热膨胀系数/（10⁻⁶K⁻¹）	3～13	5～10
电阻率/（Ω·m）	10⁷～10⁸	10¹²～10¹³
介电强度/（MV·m⁻¹）	30～60	150～250
导热系数/（W·cm⁻¹·K⁻¹）	0.0042～0.0250	0.025～2.100
软化温度/ ℃	490～700	1 200～1 900
长期使用温度/℃	150～250	800～1700

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表 9 不同管电压时X射线穿过屏蔽铅板的透射率

Table 9. Transmittance of X-ray through shielded lead plate at different tube voltages

管电压/kV	透射率/%
管电压/kV	1 mm厚铅板	2 mm厚铅板	3 mm厚铅板
90	0.410 0	0.017 0	0.000 8
100	0.740 0	0.052 0	0.004 1
125	1.100 0	0.081 0	0.008 0
150	1.300 0	0.094 0	0.011 0
160	1.476 4	0.113 6	0.013 4

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